Perception of the role of the media and media coverage of violence against women in Arequipa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2026.n45.8617Keywords:
agenda setting, gender stereotypes, mass media, media framing, violence against womenAbstract
Violence against women in the province of Arequipa remains a persistent sociocultural challenge despite advances in gender equality policies. This article examines the role of the media in covering this issue, exploring how media framing influences audience perceptions. Using a quantitative approach, stratified surveys with non-proportional allocation and subsequent statistical weighting were conducted with 650 residents across the 29 districts of Arequipa. The findings reveal a moderate positive correlation (rho = 0,288; p < 0,001) between media perception and coverage of violence against women. Mann–Whitney U tests indicated significant differences: men emphasized greater influence in agenda setting (U = 52 010,00; p = 0,001) and social impact (U = 52 856,50; p = 0,002), whereas women perceived more gender stereotypes (U = 52 522,50; p = 0,001). Only in the domain of digital technology was there consensus (U = 60 341,50; p = 0,807), revealing an interpretive gap in media coverage. This divergence confirms that both genders process news messages differently. It is concluded that, although the media play an important role in making the problem visible, challenges persist regarding the ethical representation of victims and gender equity, underscoring the need for a more reflective and sensitized journalism.
Downloads
References
Aldas, C. (2024). El rol de los medios de comunicación en la construcción de estereotipos de género. ECiencia, 1(4), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.71022/42esbm07
Alsawalqa, R. O., & Alrawashdeh, M. N. (2022). The role of patriarchal structure and gender stereotypes in cyber dating abuse: a qualitative examination of male perpetrators’ experiences. The British Journal of Sociology, 73(1), 587-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12946
Aragón, S. (2021). Tratamiento periodístico de la violencia doméstica durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en el Perú. Socialium, 6(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.sl.2022.6.1.1007
Asociación Médica Mundial. (2024). Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
Chalá-Mejía, P., & Moncayo, M. (2023). Violencia contra las mujeres en las noticias de portada: invisibilidad y alienación. IC-Revista Científica de Información y Comunicación, 20, 353-380. https://doi.org/10.12795/ic.2023.i20.15
Chen, S. (2025). Chinese journalists’ tactics for reporting on sexual violence against women. Journalism Practice, 19(8), 1179-1796. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2023.2297780
Chirino, O. (2020). La violencia de género y los medios de comunicación social. ENCUENTROS, 11, 69-92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693034
Congreso de la República. (2011, 3 de julio). Ley N° 29733. Ley de Protección de Datos Personales. Diario Oficial El Peruano. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/congreso-de-la-republica/normas-legales/243470-29733
Correa, G., Rendón, L., Betancurth, C., Echeverri, A., & Bernal, J. (2022). La tecnología digital en clave de transformación educativa y comunicativa. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. https://doi.org/10.22517/9789587227277
Defensoría del Público de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual. (2016). Guía para el tratamiento mediático responsable de casos de violencia contra las mujeres. Defensoría del Público. https://diariofemenino.com.ar/documentos/guia_violencia_contra_mujeres_pdf.pdf
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: the violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x
Gómez, A., & Gómez, K. (2019). Muestreo estadístico para docentes y estudiantes. https://tauniversity.org/sites/default/files/ebook_muestreo_estadistico_para_docentes_y_estudiantes._dr._angel_gomez_degraves_y_prof._karine_gomez_marquina.pdf
Gómez-Wagner, M. C. (2024). ¡Extra, Extra! Una matriz metodológica para estudiar la jerarquía noticiosa online. Comunicación y Medios, 33(50), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-1529.2024.75105
Greco, C., & Boero, M. (2026). Who’s to blame? Exploring collective emotions between shared guilt and anger: a semiotic study of digital narratives and social activism in the context of online gender-based violence. Semiotica, 2026(268), 129-159. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2025-0029
Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Mc Graw Hill Education.
IBM Corp. (2020). IBM SPSS Statistics (Versión 27.0) [Software de computadora]. IBM Corp.
Impe, A-M. (2021). Informar sobre la violencia contra las mujeres y las niñas: manual para periodistas (S. B. Boasso, Trad.). Organización de la Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. (Obra original publicada en el 2019)
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2018). Perú: Perfil sociodemográfico. Informe nacional. Censos Nacionales 2017: XII de población, VII de vivienda y III de comunidades indígenas. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2025). Perú: Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2024. Nacional y Departamental. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib2016/libro.pdf
Karlsson, N., Lila, M., Gracia, E., & Wemrell, M. (2021). Representation of intimate partner violence against women in Swedish news media: A discourse analysis. Violence Against Women, 27(10), 1499-1524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801220940403
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (2017). The agenda-setting function of mass media. The Agenda Setting Journal, 1(2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.1.2.02mcc (Obra original publicada en 1972)
Mondragón, M. (2014). Uso de la correlación de spearman en un estudio de intervención en fisioterapia. Movimiento Científico, 8(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.33881/2011-7191.mct.08111
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2025). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2023: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and non-partner sexual violence against women. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/383559
Rodríguez, R., & López, A. (2020). Tratamiento informativo de la violencia de género: asesinatos de mujeres. Análisis de la agencia EFE. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 47, 23-60. https://doi.org/10.12795/ambitos.2020.i47.02
Rubio, J. M. (2009). Opinión pública y medios de comunicación. Teoría de la ‘agenda setting’. Gazeta de Antropología, 25(1), Artículo 01. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.6843
Scheaffer, R. L., Mendenhall, W., & Ott, R. L. (2007). Elementos de muestreo (6.ª ed.). Thomson.
Son, C., & Fielding, V. (2025). “Teen fled danger into the arms of death”: The political agenda setting effect of Australian news media framing of violence against women. Violence Against Women, 31(5), 1282-1305. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012241228291
The jamovi project. (2024). jamovi (Versión 2.6.44) [Software de computadora]. https://www.jamovi.org
Thompson, J. (1998). Los media y la modernidad. Una teoría de los medios de comunicación. Paidós.
Xuan, L., & Yao, W. (2025). From multimodal framing to audience responses: Chinese media’s coverage of intimate partner violence against women on Douyin. Asian Women, 41(3), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.64446/aw.2025.9.41.3.127
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All of the works published are licensed under a CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution license. (updated on March 1st 2021)
The content of the journal may be shared in any material or format. The content may be adapted, contributed upon and transformed. Both possibilities are only permitted in so far as they complete the following conditions:
- Attribution: Credit must be given where it is due, a link to the license must be provided and changes, if made, must be indicated. This should be done in the manner deemed appropriate, without suggesting that the licensor promotes you or your use of the material.
Ownership rights
The patrimonial rights for Contratexto are published under a Creative Commons BY 4.0 license, allowing authors to keep the patrimonial rights to their work without restrictions.
If a work published in Contratexto were to be copied, distributed, spread, or any other activities contemplated in the aforementioned license, the author(s) and the journal must be mentioned visibly and expressly.
Self-archive
This journal allows and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal.
