La Participación de Individuos “Latines” en la investigación Clínica sobre el VIH en los Estados Unidos: involucramiento comunitario, idioma y comunicación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/comunica360.2025.n3.8161Palabras clave:
comunicación para la salud, investigación clínica sobre el VIH, latinos en Estados Unidos, acceso lingüístico , dominio limitado del inglésResumen
Los individuos latines residentes en los Estados Unidos están despropor cionalmente afectados por la epidemia del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), pero su representación en la investigación clínica sobre VIH es reducida. Las barreras del lenguaje, las diferencias culturales y ciertas prácticas de reclutamiento limitan su participación, especialmente la de aquellos que tienen dominio limitado del inglés. Este estudio cualitativo incluyó un grupo focal y 22 entrevistas en profundidad con investiga dores, educadores comunitarios y reclutadores, y con personal clínico de quince sedes de investigación sobre VIH financiadas por los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Las estrategias de reclutamiento enfatizan el involucramiento comu nitario y los mensajes culturalmente sensibles. Sin embargo, el requisito del dominio del idioma inglés, la falta de personal bilingüe y la escasez de materiales traducidos obstaculizan el enrolamiento de individuos latines en la investigación clínica. Las sedes con personal bilingüe y con materiales educativos traducidos y adaptados culturalmente reportaron mayor confianza e involucramiento comunitarios. El acceso al idioma se identificó como un componente esencial para la participación equitativa en la investiga ción clínica. Se recomienda integrar el acceso lingüístico desde el diseño de estudio, la contratación de personal bilingüe, la asignación de presupuesto para traducciones y el establecimiento de alianzas con comunidades multilingües para mejorar su inclusión.
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