Evaluación psicométrica de los constructos predominantes en la adopción de ChatGPT en la educación superior: una muestra mexicana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/interfases2026.n023.8785Palabras clave:
ChatGPT, TAM, VAM, UTAUT, análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis factorial exploratorioResumen
El estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de los constructos asociados a la adopción educativa de ChatGPT. El instrumento se diseñó sobre la base de Morales et al. (2025), quienes identificaron los constructos más recurrentes en la literatura, provenientes de modelos como el basado en el valor percibido (VAM), el modelo de aceptación de la tecnología (TAM) y la teoría unificada de aceptación y uso de la tecnología (UTAUT). Se seleccionaron los constructos utilidad percibida, influencia social, intención conductual y facilidad de uso, incorporando, además, el riesgo percibido por su relevancia emergente. Participaron 579 universitarios asignados aleatoriamente en dos muestras (M1 = 281 y M2 = 298). El tiempo de uso de ChatGPT reportado por los participantes muestra una distribución equilibrada entre quienes tienen menos de un año de experiencia y quienes lo han utilizado más tiempo. Respecto al nivel de competencia, predomina el dominio básico, seguido del intermedio y una minoría reporta un manejo avanzado. Aunque ChatGPT es utilizado por todos los participantes, no es la única herramienta empleada; estos complementan su uso con otras IA generativas. Los principales patrones de uso se relacionan con la síntesis de información, la explicación de conceptos complejos y la identificación de tendencias; en contraste, su uso en tareas de evaluación crítica es menor. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó una estructura de cinco factores que explica el 59,08 % de la varianza. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró índices de ajuste adecuados del modelo (RMSEA = 0,047; SRMR = 0,058; CFI = 0,942; TLI = 0,934 y PClose = 0,753). Se destaca que la adopción de ChatGPT está asociada con la utilidad percibida, la facilidad de uso, el entorno social y el riesgo percibido. Por tanto, el instrumento obtenido puede considerarse válido y confiable para evaluar la adopción de ChatGPT en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos.
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