Viralizing public opinion: scoping review and analysis of the impact of influencers’ discourse on mental health from a public relations perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2026.n45.8429Keywords:
bibliometric analysis, mental health, influencers, public relations, social networksAbstract
Influencers have become opinion leaders, mainly on social media and especially among young people. Their authority is accentuated when dealing with mental health issues, where the dissemination of unverified content polarises public opinion and puts collective health at risk. This study analyses, from a Public Relations approach, how the scientific community deals with the social impact of influencers on mental health and examines research trends on this subject. Through a scoping review of the scientific literature and the analysis of more than a hundred works with VOSviewer, the predominant themes, influential authors and geographical areas with the greatest research production are identified. A content analysis is also carried out on a sample selected according to the objectives set. The results show an exponential growth of this line of research in the last five years, highlighting the potential of influencers to modulate decisions, behaviours and attitudes, mainly among the young population, both positively and negatively, something that entails social risks when addressing issues related to mental health, highlighting the urgency of understanding and addressing these emerging social dynamics from a critical perspective.
Downloads
References
Agence France-Presse. (2024, 7 de febrero). “Nuestro mundo ha entrado en una era de caos”, alerta el jefe de la ONU. France 24. https://tinyurl.com/2aunf5dh
Ahrens, J., Brennan, F., Eaglesham, S., Buelo, A., Laird, Y., Manner, J., Newman, E., & Sharpe, H. (2022). A longitudinal and comparative content analysis of Instagram fitness posts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116845
Albert, S. L., Massar, R. E., Cassidy, O., Fennelly, K., Jay, M., Massey, P. M., & Bragg, M. A. (2024). Body positivity, physical health, and emotional well-being discourse on social media: Content analysis of Lizzo’s Instagram. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e60541. https://doi.org/10.2196/60541
Argandoña, A. (1998). La teoría de los stakeholders y el bien común. Universidad de Navarra. https://www.iese.edu/media/research/pdfs/DI-0355.pdf
Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). The role of social media in shaping public opinion and its influence on economic decisions. Technology and Society Perspectives, 1(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.61100/tacit.v1i1.37
Barquero Cabrero, J. D. (2021). Relaciones públicas empresariales. «Business P. R. Funnel». Cómo persuadir a los públicos en la sociedad de la información [Tesis de doctorado, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]. Repositorio Institucional Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. https://hdl.handle.net/10609/143728
Bernays, E. L. (1923). Crystalizing Public Opinion. Livering Publishing Corporation-Publishers New York. https://tinyurl.com/4j6jh7ck Blanco Alfonso, I. (2020). Posverdad, percepción de la realidad y opinión pública. Una aproximación desde la fenomenología. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 187, 167-186. https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.187.06
Burke, R., Sherwood, O. L., Clune, S., Carroll, R., McCabe, P. F., Kane, A., & Kacprzyk, J. (2022). Botanical boom: A new opportunity to promote the public appreciation of botany. Plants, People, Planet, 4(4), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10257
Caner, N., Efe, Y. S., & Başdaş, Ö. (2022). The contribution of social media addiction to adolescent LIFE: Social appearance anxiety. Current Psychology, 41(12), 8424-8433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03280-y
Chen, C. (2017). Science mapping: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Data and Information Science, 2(2), 1-40. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jdis-2017-0006/html
Comisión Europea. (2023) El enfoque global de la UE en materia de salud mental. https://health.ec.europa.eu/non-communicable-diseases/mental-health_es
Fisher, M. (2024). Las redes del caos. La historia secreta de cómo las redes sociales empobrecen la mente y erosionan el mundo. Península.
García García, A., Azcona Villoria, L., & Martín García, N. (2025). Evaluation of the performance of health influencers’ profiles and their perception and impact among young people. Vivat Academia, 158, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.15178/va.2025.158.e1590
García Rivero, A., Carbonell-Curralo, E. G., Magán-Álvarez, A., & Barberá-González, R. (2021). Marketing de influencia: educación sanitaria online. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 11, 19-57. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2021.11.e268
González-Díaz, C., Quiles-Soler, C., & Quintas-Froufe, N. (2024). The figure of the influencer under scrutiny: Highly exposed, poorly regulated. Frontiers in Communication, 9, 1454543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1454543
Håkansson, A., Entezarjou, A., Kenttä, G., Fernández-Aranda, F., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Gunnarsson, B. (2020). Problem gambling in the fitness world—A general population web survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041342
Hoffner, C. A., & Bond, B. J. (2022). Parasocial relationships, social media, & well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101306
Ibáñez-Hernández, A., & Carretón-Ballester, C. (2025). La visibilidad de la epilepsia en Instagram: el rol de los ‘influencers’ como creadores de contenido en salud. index.Comunicación, 15(2), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.62008/ixc/15/02Lavisi
Kirkpatrick, C. E., & Lee, S. (2022). Comparisons to picture-perfect motherhood: How Instagram’s idealized portrayals of motherhood affect new mothers’ well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 137, 107417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107417
Knutson, B., Hsu, T. W., Ko, M., & Tsai, J. L. (2024). News source bias and sentiment on social media. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0305148. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305148
Lupton, D. (2021). Young people’s use of digital health technologies in the global north: Narrative Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e18286. https://doi.org/10.2196/18286
Mansilla Moreno, M. P., Parejo Cuéllar, M., & De Casas Moreno, P. (2024). Instagram, the tool of e-patients with multiple sclerosis. index.comunicación, 14(1), 207-227. https://doi.org/10.62008/ixc/14/01Instag
Martín García, A., Buitrago, Á., & Martínez-Sanz, R. (2024). Mi día a día con una ostomía: el rol del paciente influencer en Instagram. Contratexto, 41. https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2024.n41.6851
Martínez, M. A., Herrera, M., Contreras, E., Ruíz, A., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2015). Characterizing highly cited papers in social work through H-Classics. Scientometrics, 102, 1713-1729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1460-y
Martins, C. E. (2024). Caos e nova temporalidade do sistema-mundo contemporâneo. Cadernos Metrópole, 26(59), 355-376. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2024-5916
McCosker, A. (2018). Engaging mental health online: Insights from beyondblue ’s forum influencers. New Media & Society, 20(12), 4748-4764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818784303
Naciones Unidas. (2021). Governments must prioritize mental health, secretary-general tells global summit, underscoring two thirds of people in developing countries receive no treatment. https://press.un.org/en/2021/sgsm20952.doc.htm
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (s. f.). Salud mental. https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/mental-health#tab=tab_1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Larissa Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M, Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372(71). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Palacios López, M., Blanco González, P., & Bonete Vizcaíno, F. (2024). Influencers pediátricos en Instagram: divulgación sanitaria y promoción de la salud infantil. Vivat Academia, (157), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.15178/va.2024.157.e1522
Parlamento Europeo. (2025). Eurobarómetro Flash 375: juventud europea: participación en la vida democrática. https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s1119_375?locale=es
Pérez Ordóñez, C., & Castro-Martínez, A. (2022). Creadores de contenido especializado en salud en redes sociales. Los microinfluencers en Instagram. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 13, 23-38. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2023.13.e311
Pilař, L., Stanislavská, L. K., Kvasnička, R., Hartman, R., & Tichá, I. (2021). Healthy food on Instagram social network: Vegan, homemade and clean eating. Nutrients, 13(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061991
Popova, N., & Prokopenko, V. (2025). Reconceptualizing propaganda: The shift from rhetoric of persuasion to algorithmic construction of reality. The Journal of v. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series “The Theory of Culture and Philosophy of Science”, (71), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.26565/2306-6687-2025-71-02
Pretorius, C., & Coyle, D. (2021). Young people’s use of digital tools to support their mental health during Covid-19 restrictions. Frontiers in Digital Health, 3, 763876. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.763876
Pretorius, C., McCashin, D., & Coyle, D. (2022). Mental health professionals as influencers on TikTok and Instagram: What role do they play in mental health literacy and help-seeking? Internet Interventions, 30, 100591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100591
Real Decreto 444/2024. Por el que se regulan los requisitos a efectos de ser considerado usuario de especial relevancia de los servicios de intercambio de vídeos a través de plataforma, en desarrollo del artículo 94 de la Ley 13/2022, de 7 de julio, General de Comunicación Audiovisual. 1 de mayo del 2024. Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2024/04/30/444
Reed, C., & Reed, M. (2022). Expert authority in crisis: Making authority real through struggle. Organization Theory, 3(4), 26317877221131587. https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877221131587
Ruiz-Mora, I. (2011). Cristalizando la opinión pública, de Edward I. Bernays. Razón y palabra, (75). https://tinyurl.com/3cwm3ujk
Sánchez-Núñez, P., de las Heras-Pedrosa, C., & Peláez, J. I. (2020). Opinion mining and sentiment analysis in marketing communications: A science mapping analysis in Web of Science (1998-2018). Social Sciences, 9(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9030023
Sarwatay, D. (2025). Kidfluencers in India: Commodification, consumption, and perpetuation of dominant culture. Social Media + Society, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251356169
Stocking, G., Wang, L., Lipka, M., Matsa, K. E., Widjaya, R., Tomasik, E., & Liedke, J. (2024, 18 de noviembre). America’s news influencers. The creators and consumers in the world of news and information on social media. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2024/11/18/americas-news-influencers/
Story Collective. (2024). The power of influencer networks in shaping public opinion—And lessons for brands. https://www.storycollective.ai/post/the-power-of-influencer-networks-in-shaping-public-opinion-and-lessons-for-brands
Teruel-Rodriguez, L. (2023). Increasing political polarization with disinformation: A comparative analysis of the European quality press. Profesional de la Información, 32(6). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.nov.12
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84, 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder. Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-researc/168076277c
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (1996). La investigación científica de los medios de comunicación: Una introducción a sus métodos. J. M. Bosch.
Wolf, I., & Schröder, T. (2024). The critical role of emotional communication for motivated reasoning. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Artículo 31681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81605-6
Zhakin, S., & Mukan, N. (2025). Digital technologies and the reformatting of values in the post-truth era. Bulletin of the Karaganda University History. Philosophy Series, 2(118), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.31489/2025hph2/241-247
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All of the works published are licensed under a CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution license. (updated on March 1st 2021)
The content of the journal may be shared in any material or format. The content may be adapted, contributed upon and transformed. Both possibilities are only permitted in so far as they complete the following conditions:
- Attribution: Credit must be given where it is due, a link to the license must be provided and changes, if made, must be indicated. This should be done in the manner deemed appropriate, without suggesting that the licensor promotes you or your use of the material.
Ownership rights
The patrimonial rights for Contratexto are published under a Creative Commons BY 4.0 license, allowing authors to keep the patrimonial rights to their work without restrictions.
If a work published in Contratexto were to be copied, distributed, spread, or any other activities contemplated in the aforementioned license, the author(s) and the journal must be mentioned visibly and expressly.
Self-archive
This journal allows and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal.














