The everyday expression of fear on Instagram
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2025.n44.7955Keywords:
cultural analytics , therapeutic influencers , content analysis , fear, emotions, mental health , Instagram , hashtagAbstract
This article examines the expression of fear on Instagram by analyzing posts that use the term “miedo” as a hashtag, either within the text or through visual elements. The study is part of a broader research project aimed at understanding the social construction of fear through its linguistic manifestation. Its relevance lies in the premise that understanding fear contributes to mitigating its harmful effects. Adopting an exploratory approach, the study employed query designs that produced three subcorpora: (1) contemporary social phenomena associated with fear; (2) posts using the hashtag #miedo; and (3) combinations of #miedo with recurring agents. A total of 12,600 posts published between 2023 and 2024 were analyzed. The methodological design integrated tools from the digital humanities, cultural analytics, and digital ethnography, and was structured in three phases. Findings reveal that fear, as represented in these posts, is primarily linked to mental health. It is portrayed as an individual obstacle to be overcome, and psychoeducation is promoted as a daily strategy for coping with it. These largely persuasive representations emphasize individual emotional management over structural or collective dimensions of fear.
Downloads
References
Aria, M., & Cucurullo, C. (2023). Bibliometrix: Comprehensive science mapping analysis (Versión 4.1.1) [Software]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=bibliometrix
Balta, S., Emirtekin, E., Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: The mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic Instagram use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 628-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9959-8
Barrett, L. F. (2017). The theory of constructed emotion: An active inference account of interception and categorization. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw154
Barthel, K.-U. (2011). ImageSorter (Versión 4.3) [Software]. Pixolution. https://imagesorter.software.informer.com/
Blei, D. M., Ng, Y. A., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993-1022.
Brun, G., Doğuoğlu, U., & Kuenzle, D. (Eds.). (2016). Epistemology and emotions. Routledge.
Cebral-Loureda, M., & Sued-Palmeiro, G. E. (2021, 13 de septiembre). La difusión del miedo en Twitter en la pandemia de COVID-19. Transferencia Tec. https://transferencia.tec.mx/2021/09/13/la-difusion-del-miedo-en-twitter-en-la-pandemia-de-covid-19/
Chen, C.-M., Ho, S.-Y., & Chang, C. (2023). A hierarchical topic analysis tool to facilitate digital humanities research. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 75(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-11-2021-0325
De Miguel Calvo, E. (2011). Emociones y desigualdades sociales: el caso del miedo. S. Gallego Trijueque & E. Díaz Cano (Coords.), IX Premio de ensayo breve en ciencias sociales “Fermín Caballero” (pp. 49-75). Asociación Castellano-Manchega de Sociología.
Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A., & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3), taaa031. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa031
Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., & Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—A study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012
Fernández, R. (2025, 10 de julio). Distribución por edad de los usuarios mundiales de Instagram en 2024. Statista. https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/875258/distribucion-por-edad-de-los-usuarios-mundiales-de-instagram/#statisticContainer
Fox, J., & Moreland, J. J. (2015). The dark side of social networking sites: An exploration of the relational and psychological stressors associated with Facebook use and affordances. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083
García Rico, J. C. (2024, 22 de junio). Los ‘medfluencers’: ¿quién controla a tanto ‘médico’ en redes sociales? El Tiempo. https://www.eltiempo.com/tecnosfera/novedades-tecnologia/los-medfluencers-quien-controla-a-tanto-medico-en-redes-sociales-analisis-del-editor-multimedia-3355320
Godoy, D., Eberhard, A., Abarca, F., Acuña, B., & Muñoz, R. (2020). Psicoeducación en salud mental: una herramienta para pacientes y familiares. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 31(2), 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.01.005
Gúber, R. (2011). La etnografía: método, campo y reflexividad. Siglo Veintiuno.
Habla el mercado. (2022, 3 de febrero). ‘Medfluencers’ contra la desinformación médica. MIT Technology Review. https://technologyreview.es/article/medfluencers-contra-la-desinformacion-medica/
Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (2024). Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE) 2023 [Conjunto de datos]. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/envipe/2024/
Kepios. (2024, enero). Global social media statistics. DataReportal. https://datareportal.com/social-media-users
Krasselt, J., & Dreesen, P. (2024). Topic models indicate textual aboutness and pragmatics: Valuation practices in Islamophobic discourse. Journal of Cultural Analytics, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.92535
Luscombe, A., Dick, K., & Walby, K. (2022). Algorithmic thinking in the public interest: Navigating technical, legal, and ethical hurdles to web scraping in the social sciences. Quality & Quantity, 56(3), 1023-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01164-0
Manovich, L. (2016). Designing and living Instagram photography: Themes, feeds, sequences, branding, faces, bodies. https://manovich.net/index.php/projects/designing-and-living-instagram-photography
Manovich, L. (2020). Cultural analytics. MIT Press.
Melón, M. E., & Lugo, N. (s. f.). Cartografías lingüísticas del miedo. El miedo en Instagram. https://st45889.ispot.cc/tecqro/
Mobbs, D., Adolphs, R., Fanselow, M. S., Barrett, L. F., LeDoux, J. E., Ressler, K., & Tye, K. M. (2019). Viewpoints: Approaches to defining and investigating fear. Nature Neuroscience, 22, 1205-1216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0456-6
Moore, K., & Craciun, G. (2021). Fear of missing out and personality as predictors of social networking sites usage: The Instagram case. Psychological Reports, 124(4), 1761-1787. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120936184
Nishikawa, Y., Oka, M., Hashimoto, Y., & Ikegami, T. (2019). Analysis and modeling of social tagging using Yule–Simon process. Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 34(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.C-IC3
Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008
Pearce, W., Özkula, S. M., Greene, A.-K., Teeling, L., & Bansard, J. S. (2019). Visual cross-platform analysis: Digital methods to research social media images. Information, Communication & Society, 23(2), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1486871
Rodríguez Sánchez, I., Reyes Pérez, A., Cebral Loureda, M., Bautista Botello, E., & Lugo Rodríguez, N. (2024). Tracing the scope of fear in corpus: similarities and differences in cross-domain/genre texts. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 11(1), Artículo 2416732. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2416732
Rogers, R. (2013). Digital methods. MIT press.
Rogers, R. (2017). Foundations in digital methods. Query Design. En K. Van Es & M. T. Schäfer (Eds.), The datafied society: Studying culture through data (pp. 75-94). Amsterdam University Press.
Rosas, C. (Ed.), (2015). El miedo en el Perú. Siglos xvi al xx. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial.
Rosas-Moscoso, F. (2005). El miedo en la historia: lineamientos generales para su estudio. En C. Rosas (ed.), El miedo en el Perú. Siglos xvi al xx (pp. 23-32). Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial.
San Juan Flores, P., & Guillén, B. (2025, 23 de marzo). México, el país que desaparece: sin rastro de 125 000 personas. El País. https://elpais.com/mexico/2025-03-23/mexico-el-pais-que-desaparece-sin-rastro-de-125000-personas.html
Schmitz, A., & Eckert, J. (2022). Towards a general sociology of fear: A programmatic answer to crucial deficits of the contemporary fear discourse. Emotions and society, 4(3), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1332/263169021X16655616062213
Singer, A. J., Chouhy, C., Lehmann, P. S., Stevens, J. N., & Gertz, M. (2020). Economic anxieties, fear of crime, and punitive attitudes in Latin America. Punishment & Society, 22(2), 181-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474519873659
Statista. (s. f.). Países con el mayor número de usuarios de Instagram en América Latina en 2024. Recuperado el 18 de julio del 2025, de https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1076225/paises-mayor-numero-usuarios-instagram-america-latina/
Yedid, N. (2013). Introducción a las folksonomías: definición, características y diferencias con los modelos tradicionales de indización. Información, Cultura y Sociedad, (29), 13-26. http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/ICS/article/view/673
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Contratexto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All of the works published are licensed under a CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution license. (updated on March 1st 2021)
The content of the journal may be shared in any material or format. The content may be adapted, contributed upon and transformed. Both possibilities are only permitted in so far as they complete the following conditions:
- Attribution: Credit must be given where it is due, a link to the license must be provided and changes, if made, must be indicated. This should be done in the manner deemed appropriate, without suggesting that the licensor promotes you or your use of the material.
Ownership rights
The patrimonial rights for Contratexto are published under a Creative Commons BY 4.0 license, allowing authors to keep the patrimonial rights to their work without restrictions.
If a work published in Contratexto were to be copied, distributed, spread, or any other activities contemplated in the aforementioned license, the author(s) and the journal must be mentioned visibly and expressly.
Self-archive
This journal allows and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal.













