Marco estratégico-táctico integrado para el diseño de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de exportación mediante un enfoque de optimización MILP multiperiodo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/ing.ind2026.n50.8581Palabras clave:
cadena de suministro, programación lineal entera mixta, modelo de optimización, planificación estratégica y táctica, agroalimentariaResumen
El diseño de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de exportación requiere integrar decisiones estratégicas y tácticas bajo condiciones productivas y comerciales variables. Este estudio propone un marco de optimización estratégico-táctico basado en un modelo de programación lineal entera mixta (MILP) multiperiodo para el diseño de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias que optimicen la inversión, instalaciones, abastecimiento y transporte en múltiples periodos. Además, se evalúa la robustez del modelo mediante el análisis de sensibilidad de parámetros clave. El enfoque se aplica a la industria de la pitahaya con un horizonte de diez años. El modelo determina una inversión inicial de S/ 680 186,9 y flujos de caja de S/ 769 007,3 anuales desde el sexto año. La configuración óptima incluye 8 almacenes modulares y 19 934 tutores de concreto. A su vez, se optimiza el transporte mediante una estrategia multimodal con costos de hasta S/ 206 180 anuales. Se demuestran mejoras en el desempeño económico y la configuración óptima de la cadena de suministro.
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