The construct “limit” and anomalous experiences in psychics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/persona2018.n021.3019Keywords:
psychics, psychic abilities, unusual perceptual experiencesAbstract
This study aims at distinguishing self-named psychics (or clairvoyant) from a control group (non-psychics) considering the variable “ frequency of unusual perceptual experiences” (anomalous perception), and the psychological construct “limit”. Participants were divided into psychics and non-psychics (people who had psychic experiences but no extrasensory capacities). Both psychics (N = 87) and the control group (N = 112) completed the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS), the Revised Transliminality Scale (RTS), the Limits Questionnaire, and a scale to measure their psychic abilities. All the hypotheses were confirmed: psychics had higher scores on transliminality, anomalous perception and “fine limit” in comparison with non-psychics. In addition, the variable “anomalous experiences” was the best predictor for the psychics group (β = .073; p = .03), followed by the variable “fine limit”. Psychics would be those who were able to pass the “continuity hypothesis” of Hartmann’s limit due to their familiarity with their own capacity to alter their conscience.
Downloads
References
Anderson, R. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives, and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Barbuto, J., y Plummer, B. (1998). Mental Boundaries as a New Dimension of Personality: A Comparison of Hartmann’s Boundaries in the Mind and Jung’s Psychological Types. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13, 421-436.
Barbuto, J., y Plummer, B. (2000). Mental Boundaries and Jung’s Psychological Types: A Profile Analysis. Journal of Psychological Type, 54, 17-21.
Bell, V., Halligan, P. W., y Ellis, H. D. (2006). The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 366-377.
Carpenter, W. T. (2014). It Is Time for a New Paradigm for the Study of Psychoses. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 3(1), 1-3.
Funkhauser, A., Würmle, O., Cornu, C., y Bahro, M. (2001). Dream Life and Intrapsychic Boundaries in the Elderly. Dreaming, 11, 83-88.
Hartmann, E. (1989). Boundaries of Dreams, Boundaries of Dreamers: Thin and Thick Boundaries as a New Personality Dimension. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 14, 557-560.
Hartmann, E. (1991). Boundaries in the Mind. Nueva York, NY: Basic Books. Hartmann, E., Harrison, R., y Zborowski, M. (2001). Boundaries in the Mind: Past Research and Future Directions. North American Journal of Psychology, 3, 347-368.
Healy, J. (1984). The Happy Princess: Psychological Profile of a Psychic. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 52, 289296.
Houran, J., y Lange, R. (2009). Searching for an Optimal Level of Transliminality in Relation to Putative Psi. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 73, 92-102.
Houran, J., Thalbourne, M. A., y Hartmann, E. (2003). Comparison of Two Alternative Measures of the Boundary Construct. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96, 311-323.
Irwin, H. (2009). The Psychology of Paranormal Belief: A Research’s Handbook. Hartfield: The University of Hertfordshire Press.
Jaén-Moreno, M. J., Moreno-Díaz, M. J., Luque-Luque, R., y Bell, V. (2014). Validation of the Spanish Version of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale in the General Population. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 42(1), 1-8.
Johns, L. C., Cannon, M., Singleton, N., Murray, R. M., Farrell, M., y Brugha, T. (2004). Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Reported Psychotic Symptoms in the British Population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 298-305.
Krippner, S. (2010). Debating Psychic Experience: Human Potential or Human Illusion? Santa Bárbara, CA: ABC Clio. Krippner, S., Wickramasekera, I., y Tartz, R. (2002). Scoring Thick and Scoring Thin: The Boundaries of Psychic Claimants. Journal of Subtle Energy, 11, 43-61.
Krippner, S., Wickramasekera, I., Wickramasekera, J., y Winstead, C. W. (1998). The Ramtha Phenomenon: Psychological, Phenomenological, and Geomagnetic Data. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 92, 1-24.
Linscott, R. J., y Van Os, J. (2010). Systematic Reviews of Categorical versus Continuum Models in Psychosis: Evidence for Discontinuous Subpopulations Underlying a Psychometric Continuum. Implications for DSM-V, DSM-VI, and DSM-VII. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 391-419.
López-Ibor, J. J., Ortiz, T., y López-Ibor, M. I. (2011). Perception, Experience and Body Identity. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39(13), 3-118.
Palmer, J., Simmonds-Moore, C. A., y Baumann, S. (2006). Geomagnetic Fields and the Relationship between Human Intentionality and the Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells. Journal of Parapsychology, 70.2, 275-301.
Parra, A. (2011a). ¿Qué es sensibilidad psíquica? Buenos Aires: Longseller.
Parra, A. (2011b). Thinking Styles of Psychic Claimants. Australian Journal of Parapsychology, 11, 61-71.
Parra, A. (2014). Alucinaciones: ¿experiencia o trastorno? Buenos Aires: Teseo, colección UAI.
Parra, A., y Argibay, J. C. (2007). Comparing a Free-Response Psychometry Test with a FreeResponse Visual Imagery Test for a Non-Psychic Sample. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 71(887), 91-99.
Parra, A., y Argibay, J. C. (2009). “Face-to-Face” Psychic vs. “Remote” Psychic Readings: Comparing Psychics/Non-Psychic Groups Mediatized by “Token-Object” Effect. Australian Journal of Parapsychology, 9, 57-69.
Parra, A., y Argibay, J. C. (2012). Dissociation, Absorption, Fantasy Proneness and SensationSeeking in Psychic Claimants. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 76.4(909), 193-203.
Parra, A., y Argibay, J. C. (2013a). Psi and Death of the Person-Target: An Experiment with Highly Emotional Iconic Representations. NeuroQuantology, 4(1), 537-543.
Parra, A., y Argibay, J. C. (2013b). Anomalous Remote Diagnosis: Mental and Motor Psi Impressions under Iconic Representation of the Person-Target. Journal of Parapsychology, 77, 123-130.
Palmer, J. (1996). Individual Differences in Blind Psychic Readings. Proceedings of the PA Convention, 299-316.
Parra, A., y Villanueva, J. C. (2011a). Mirror-Gazing Facility and Psi: Examining Personality Measures. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 75(905), 178-190.
Parra, A., y Villanueva, J. C. (2011b). Exploring Different Personality Traits with Psychic Claimants. En M. Kitenis (Ed.), Proceedings of the 54th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association (p. 22). Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
Persinger, M. A., y Makarec, K. (1987). Temporal Lobe Epileptic Signs and Correlative Behaviors Displayed by Normal Populations. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 114, 179-195.
Richards, D. G. (1996). Boundaries in the Mind and Subjective Interpersonal Psi. Journal of Parapsychology, 60, 227-240
Roxburgh, E. C., y Roe, C. A. (2011). A Survey of Dissociation, Boundary Thinness and Psychological Wellbeing in Spiritualist Mental Mediumship. Journal of Parapsychology, 75.3, 279-299.
Sánchez-Bruno, A., y Borges del Rosal, A. (2005). Transformación Z de Fisher para la determinación de intervalos de confianza del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Psicothema, 17(1), 148-153.
Sanders, R. E., Thalbourne, M. A., y Delin, P. S. (2000). Transliminality and the Telepathic Transmission of Emotional States: An Exploratory Study. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 94, 1-24.
Schmeidler, G. R. (1967). ESP Breakthrough: Paranormal Effects in Real Life. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 61, 306-325.
Schouten, S. A. (1994). An Overview of Quantitatively Evaluated Studies with Mediums and Psychics. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 88, 221-254.
Sherwood, S. J., y Milner, M. (2004-2005). The Relationship between Transliminality and Boundary Structure Subscales. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 24(4), 369-378.
Simmonds, C. A. (2003). Investigating Schizotypy as an Anomaly-Prone Personality (tesis doctoral). University College Northampton, Reino Unido.
Simmonds-Moore, C. A. (2009-2010). Sleep Patterns, Personality, and Subjective Anomalous Experiences. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 29(1), 71-86.
Storm, L., y Thalbourne, M. A. (1998-1999). The Transliminal Connection between Paranormal Effects and Personality in an Experiment with the I Ching. European Journal of Parapsychology, 14, 100-124.
Thalbourne, M. A. (1998). Transliminality: Further Correlates and a Short Measure. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 92, 402-419.
Thalbourne, M. A. (1999). Transliminality: A Review. International Journal of Parapsychology, 11, 1-34.
Thalbourne, M. A. (2009). Transliminality, Anomalous Belief and Experience, and Hypnotisability. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37, 119-130.
Thalbourne, M. A., Crawley, S. E., y Houran, J. (2003). Temporal Lobe Lability in the Highly Transliminal Mind. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1965-1974.
Thalbourne, M. A., y Houran, J. (2000). Transliminality, the Mental Experience Inventory and Tolerance of Ambiguity. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 853-863.
Thalbourne, M. A., Keogh, E., y Witt, G. (2005). Transliminality and the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. Psychological Reports, 96, 579-585.
Wilson, S. C., y Barber, T. X. (1983). The Fantasy-Prone Personality: Implications for Understanding Imagery, Hypnosis, and Parapsychological Phenomena. En A. A. Sheikh (Ed.), Imagery: Current Theory, Research, and Application (pp. 340-382). Nueva York, NY: John Wiley
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Acceptance for publication implies the transfer of printing and reproduction rights, by any form and means, to the publisher, while the author retains the intellectual property of the article.