Del reconocimiento internacional a la apropiación local: el significado de la designación de João Pessoa como Ciudad Creativa de la UNESCO y sus implicaciones para el espacio público
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/limaq2026.n018.8515Palabras clave:
Brasil, ciudades creativas, sur global, João Pessoa, creatividad urbana, UCCNResumen
En la emergente economía del conocimiento, la creatividad se ha convertido en un componente central de la planificación urbana y se ha difundido desde las ciudades del Norte Global hacia las del Sur Global. Este artículo analiza los significados asociados a la designación de João Pessoa, Brasil, como Ciudad Creativa de la Unesco. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo que combina análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas con gestores, se examina cómo esta etiqueta global es apropiada y reinterpretada localmente, así como sus implicancias para el espacio público urbano. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la designación posee un importante valor simbólico y genera efectos prácticos concretos, su expresión en el espacio público sigue siendo fragmentaria. La territorialización de la etiqueta y su apropiación social son limitadas y dependen de las prioridades administrativas locales y de la capacidad institucional. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre las ciudades creativas al destacar la heterogeneidad de sus implementaciones y ampliar la comprensión de la Red de Ciudades Creativas de la Unesco en el contexto del Sur Global.
Descargas
Referencias
Alves, P. M. B. (2018). Strategies for sustainable development of the UNESCO creative cities: Conclusions from the XI UCCN Annual Meeting (2017). In F. García & M. G. Y. M. Redmon (Eds.), VI Creative Cities International Conference Proceedings (pp. 61–75). Scientific Association Icono14. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30808
Assessoria. (2025). [Photograph]. Prefeitura de João Pessoa. https://www.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/noticias/prefeitura-apresenta-projetos-finais-do-curso-dos-agentes-de-inovacao-e-design-para-o-artesanato/
Albuquerque dos Anjos, R., Marcel de Arruda Torres, P., & Barros da Mota Silveira, N. (2021). Artesanato paraibano: um estudo sobre identidade e território em associações de artesãs da Paraíba. DAT Journal, 6(1), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.29147/dat.v6i1.335
Arcos-Pumarola, J., Georgescu Paquin, A., & Hernández Sitges z, M. (2023). The use of intangible heritage and creative industries as a tourism asset in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Heliyon, 9, 1–11. Article e13106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13106
Bardin, L. (2015). Análise de conteúdo. Edições 70.
Barroso, E. (2017, November 2). João Pessoa Cidade Criativa da UNESCO no artesanato e na arte popular. Eduardo Barroso – Blog. https://eduardobarroso.blogspot.com/2017/11/joao-pessoa-cidade-criativa-da-unesco.html
Baycan, T., Fusco Girard, L., & Nijkamp, P. (2016) Creative and sustainable cities: A new perspective. In L. Fusco Girard, T. Baycan & P. Nijkamp (Eds.). Creative and sustainable cities: A new perspective (2nd ed., pp. 1-12). Routledge.
Borén, T., & Young, C. (2013). Getting creative with the ‘creative city’? Towards new perspectives on creativity in urban policy. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5), 1799–1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01132.x
Casa Firjan. (2025, June 18). Mapeamento da indústria criativa 2025. https://casafirjan.com.br/mapeamento-da-industria-criativa/mapeamento-da-industria-criativa-2025
Catungal, J. P., Leslie, D., & Hii, Y. (2009). Geographies of displacement in the creative city: The case of Liberty Village, Toronto. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1095–1114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103856
Chan, A., Alexandri, M. B., & Tresna, P. W. (2019). Place brand experience of Bandung City as UNESCO’s Creative City Network in city economy development. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 8(Suppl. 4), 225–238. https://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/34980536/riber_8-s4_16_h18-142_225-238.pdf
Correa, C. (2018). Presença online das cidades criativas brasileiras: análise dos websites oficiais. Diálogo com a Economia Criativa, 3(9), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.22398/2525-2828.3963-75
Costa, A. V. F., & Nascimento, J. C. do. (2024). Cidade criativa à brasileira: potencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Diálogo com a Economia Criativa, 9(27), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.22398/2525-2828.092770-86
Couto, B. G. do. (2023). Cidades criativas e a agenda internacional das políticas turístico-culturais de renovação urbana. Cadernos Metrópole, 25(57), 397–418. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5702
Da Silva, A. P., & Muzzio, H. (2023). Uma cidade criativa para potencializar o desenvolvimento local sustentável. Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311.378.122393
De Beukelaer, C. (2021). Friction in the creative city. Open Cultural Studies, 5(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/culture-2021-0001
Department for Culture, Media and Sport. (2001). Creative industries: Mapping document 2001. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/creative-industries-mapping-documents-2001
Dos Santos, N. de A. e S. F. (2021). Crossroads between city diplomacy and city branding towards the future: Case study on the film cities at UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 17, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-020-00174-3
Duxbury, N., Fortuna, C., Bandeirinha, J. A., & Peixoto, P. (2012). Em torno da cidade criativa. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 99, 5–8. https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.5089
Evans, G. (2003). Hard-branding the cultural city – from Prado to Prada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27, 417–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00455
Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class: And how it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. Basic Books.
Gadelha, R. W. S. (2025). O distrito criativo na regeneração do Centro Histórico de João Pessoa: Estudo de casos, análise de potencialidades e limitações [Master’s thesis, Federal University of Pernambuco]. Attena. Repositório Digital da UFPE. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/68530
Gathen, C., Skoglund, W., & Laven, D. (2021). The UNESCO creative cities network: A case study of city branding. In C. Bevilacqua, F. Calabrò & L. Della Spina (Eds.), New metropolitan perspectives: NMP 2020, Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies, 178 (pp. 727–737). Springer.
Gibson, C., & Klocker, N. (2004). Academic publishing as “creative” industry, and recent discourses of “creative economies”: Some critical reflections. Area, 36(4), 423–434. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20004416
Gonçalves, F. J. B., & Costa, C. M. M. (2022). Barcelos, UNESCO creative city: A perspective paper of the craftspeople. Journal on Tourism & Sustainability, 6(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7504126
Grodach, C. (2017). Urban cultural policy and creative city making. Cities, 68, 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.05.015
Gueniffey, B., & Sakamura, K. (2025). Operationalization of the creative city concept in Japan: A comparative review with a special focus on Kanazawa and environmental sustainability. Sustainability, 17(13), Article 6127. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136127
Guimarães, A. D., Ribeiro, S. B., & Machado, A. F. (2020). Repercussion of the label in a comparative analysis of indicators: The case of two UNESCO Creative Cities. Creative Industries Journal, 14(2), 152–168.https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2020.1796461
Hartley, J. (2005). Creative industries. In J. Hartley (Ed.), Creative industries (pp. 1–40). Blackwell Publishing.
Jakob, D. (2010). Constructing the creative neighborhood: Hopes and limitations of creative city policies in Berlin. City, Culture and Society, 1(4), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2011.01.005
Kong, L. (2014). From cultural industries to creative industries and back? Towards clarifying theory and rethinking policy. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 15(4), 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2014.977555
Labin [@labinpb]. (2024a, 27 de noviembre). Encerramento do nosso último curso do Programa de Capacitação para Artesão de 2024! Curso: Identidade Cultural para Novos Produtos [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DC4HV0tJRI5/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Labin [@labinpb]. (2024b). Intercâmbio cultural da Renda Renascença do Cariri da Paraíba Brasil com o Bordado de Castelo Branco Portugal [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DBwekhYps2P/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Labin [@labinpb]. (2024c, April 12). Nesta semana, está acontecendo mais uma OFICINA CRIATIVA com o prestigiado designer Sérgio Matos @sergiojmatos. Junto às artesãs crocheteiras será desenvolvida uma coleção de novos produtos inovadores que serão apresentados em junho, no próximo Salão do Artesanato Paraibano, em Campina Grande. [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/C5qiJswuo7M/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Landry, C. (2008). The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Landry, C. (2011). Prefácio. In A. C. F. Reis & P. Kageyama (Eds.), Cidades criativas – Perspectivas. Garimpo de Soluções & Creative Cities Productions.
Lefebvre, H. (2009). O direito à cidade. Centauro Editora.
Lefebvre, H. (2008). Espaço e política. Editora UFMG.
Liu, Y. (2024). Creativity and urban development: The Chinese perspective within UNESCO Creative Cities Network [Master’s thesis, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro]. Repositorio UTAD. https://repositorio.utad.pt/entities/publication/20d792c8-c5fc-4117-92ad-be682970be66/full
Luckman, S., Gibson, C., & Lea, T. (2009). Mosquitoes in the mix: How transferable is creative city thinking? Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 30(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2008.00348.x
Luerdi. (2023). Enhancing sustainable development at local level: A study of UNESCO’s initiative through Creative Cities Network. Jurnal El-Riyasah, 14(2), 118–133. https://doi.org/10.24014/jel.v14i2.29463
Marquesan, F. F. S., & Figueiredo, M. D. de. (2014). De artesão a empreendedor: A ressignificação do trabalho artesanal como estratégia para a reprodução de relações desiguais de poder. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 15(6), 76–97. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712014/administracao.v15n6p76-97
Mbaye, J., & Pratt, A. C. (2020). Cities, creativities and urban creative economies: Re-descriptions and make+shifts from Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 44(5), 781–792. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12887
Ministry of Tourism. (2022). Portaria n.º 55, de 12 de dezembro de 2022 [Ordinance No. 55, of December 12, 2022] provides for the establishment of the Brazilian Network of Creative Cities. https://www.gov.br/turismo/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo-/publicacoes/atos-normativos-2/2022/portaria-mtur-no-55-de-12-de-dezembro-de-2022
Mohammad, S. M. A. (2017). Creative city indicators: A framework [Master’s thesis, Cairo University]. Ain Shams Scholar. https://research.asu.edu.eg/bitstream/12345678/9970/1/V1496.pdf
O’Connor, J., Gu, X., & Lim, M. K. (2020). Creative cities, creative classes and the global modern. City, Culture and Society, 21, Article 100344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2020.100344
Pearson, D., & Pearson, T. (2017). Branding food culture: UNESCO creative cities of gastronomy. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 23(3), 342–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.1000441
Peck, J. (2005). Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29, 740–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2015). Fast policy: Experimental statecraft at the thresholds of neoliberalism. University of Minnesota Press.
Peck, J. (2020). Chapter 3: Culture club: Creative cities, fast policy and the new symbolic order. In A. de Dios & L. Kong (Eds.), Handbook on the geographies of creativity (pp. 37–53). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785361647.00010
Pratt, A. C. (2009). Policy transfer and the field of the cultural and creative industries: What can be learned from Europe? In L. Kong & J. O’Connor (Eds.), Creative economies, creative cities: Asian–European perspectives (pp. 9–23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9949-6_2
Pratt, A. C. (2010). Creative cities: Tensions within and between social, cultural and economic development: A critical reading of the UK experience. City, Culture and Society, 1(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2010.04.001
Pratt, A. C. (2011). The cultural contradictions of the creative city. City, Culture and Society, 2(3), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2011.08.002
Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. (2025, July 11). Diário Oficial do Município de João Pessoa. joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/wpcontent/uploads/2025/07/2025_Diario_811_11-07.pdf
Ratiu, D. E. (2013). Creative cities and/or sustainable cities: Discourses and practices. City, Culture and Society, 4(3), 125-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.04.002
Reis, A. C. F. (2011). Introduction. In A. C. F. Reis & P. Kageyama (Eds.), Cidades criativas: Perspectivas (pp. 30–37). Garimpo de Soluções & Creative Cities Productions.
Rinaldi, C., Giovarnadi, M., Lucarelli, A., Skoglund, W., & Lindqvist, A. S. (2025). Unpacking a global spatial brand: Brand management practices in the UNESCO City of Gastronomy Network. Journal of Place Management and Development, 18(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-07-2023-0072
Rosi, M. (2014). Branding or sharing? The dialectics of labeling and cooperation in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. City, Culture and Society, 5(2), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2014.05.002
Sá, M., Barbosa, M. A. C., & Nazário, M. V. (2025). Dilemas, tensões e tendências nas condições artesãs no Nordeste. In M. Sá (Ed.), Do Alto do Moura ao Nordeste: Condições artesãs e seus espaços (pp. 203–227). Fi.
Santos, K., Sá, M., & Nazário, M. V. (2025). A condição artesã paraibana no seu 37º Salão. In M. Sá (Ed.), Do Alto do Moura ao Nordeste: Condições artesãs e seus espaços (pp. 115–148). Fi.
Scott, A. J. (2006). Creative cities: Conceptual issues and policy questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2006.00256.x
SECOM. (2018). Celeiro Espaço Criativo abre exposição apenas com mulheres artesãs. Jornal da Paraíba. https://jornaldaparaiba.com.br/cultura/celeiro-espaco-criativo-recebe-exposicao-realizada-por-mulheres-artesas
SECOM. (2025). Exibition of crafts and folk art. Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. https://www.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/noticias/celeiro-espaco-criativo-e-opcao-de-lazer-arte-e-cultura-neste-feriado-de-carnaval/
Silva, D. (2025a, December 12). [Photograph of Sabadinho bom]. Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. https://www.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/noticias/sabadinho-bom-vai-ter-choro-samba-frevo-e-forro-com-banda-glauco-andreza/
Silva, D. (2025b, December 21). [Photograph of Casa da Pólvora]. Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. https://www.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/noticias/publico-lota-casa-da-polvora-em-evento-com-banda-macumbia-e-dj-claudinha-summer/
Skoglund, W., & Laven, D. (2019). Utilizing culture and creativity for sustainable development: Reflections on the city of Östersund’s membership in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. In F. Calabrò, L. Della Spina & C. Bevilacqua (Eds.), New metropolitan perspectives (Vol. 101, pp. 398–405). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92102-0_42
Stevenson, D. (2020). Planning creative cities: Reflections on a trend. Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy, 6(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2020-0102
Tay, J. (2005). Creative cities. In J. Hartley (Ed.), Creative industries (pp. 220–232). Blackwell Publishing.
Tran, T. (2025). On and beyond the creative city: Performative narratives, policy translation, and frontiers of “splashing” acts. City, Culture and Society, 42, 100654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2025.100654
UNESCO. (n.d.). UNESCO creative cites network (UCCN) mission statement. https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2023/03/UCCN%20Mission%20Statement_rev2023.pdf?hub=80094.
UNESCO. (2004). Networks of creative cities within the Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000136203.locale=en
UNESCO. (2007). Creative Cities Network: Program and meeting document. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000156026
UNESCO. (2017). UNESCO creative cities network: Call for applications 2017. https://cvuc-uccc.com/national/images/pdf/2017_UCCN_Call_Designation_Procedure.pdf
UNESCO. (2021). João Pessoa membership monitoring report 2017–2021. https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2025/01/JoaoPessoa_Monitoring_Report_2021.pdf?hub=80094
UNESCO. (2024a). UNESCO creative cities network – Reporting exercise 2024: João Pessoa. https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2025/04/Jo%C3%A3o%20Pessoa_Monitoring_Report_2024.pdf?hub=80094
UNESCO. (2024b). UNESCO creative cities network (UCCN): Evaluation. https://unevaluation.org/sites/default/files/member_publications/388996eng.pdf
Valentim, Q. (2025). Current temporary headquarters at Hotel Globo [Photograph]. Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa. https://www.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/noticias/outras/celeiro-criativo/celeiro-espaco-criativo-tem-diversos-artigos-como-opcao-para-presentear-nesse-fim-de-ano/
Vlassis, A., & De Beukelaer, C. (2019). The creative economy as a versatile policy script: Exploring the role of competing intergovernmental organizations.Media, Culture & Society, 41(4), 502–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718810913
Ward, M. (1995). Creating a cultural nation. Communications Update, (107), 12–14. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/agispt.19951613
Whiting, S., Barnett, T., & O’Connor, J. (2022). ‘Creative city’ R.I.P.? M/C Journal, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2901
Yencken, D. (1988). The creative city. Meanjin, 47(4), 597–608. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.582212487737872
Zhu, B., & Li, X. (2024). Global policy diffusion as a socially constructed process: Insights from UNESCO Creative Cities Network’s shift towards the Global South. International Political Science Review, 46(3), 454-473.https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121241281942









