Inequality and exclusion in access to higher education: an analysis of structural barriers in Latin America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/pjm2026.n003.7774Keywords:
inequality, higher education, intergenerational poverty, structural barriers, Latin AmericaAbstract
Objective: This article analyzes the main structural barriers that limit equitable access to higher education in Latin America, perpetuating intergenerational poverty. Through a qualitative and comparative approach based on public policy analysis and documentary review, it examines social, territorial, and ethnic inequalities that affect vulnerable communities. Methodology: The study reviews cases from Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Costa Rica, showing that educational exclusion stems from systemic and structural causes. Results: The findings reveal that territorial segregation, ethnic discrimination, and limited social networks significantly hinder access to quality higher education and restrict social mobility. These conditions widen economic gaps and reinforce inequality across generations. Practical implications: The article highlights the urgency of comprehensive public policies addressing not only access but also retention and academic achievement through contextually grounded and culturally inclusive strategies. Social implications: Ensuring equitable access to higher education is essential to breaking persistent cycles of poverty and exclusion, fostering social cohesion and sustainable development. Originality / value: The study provides an integrated analysis of inequalities in higher education access by articulating structural, territorial, and cultural dimensions. It contributes to academic debate through a multidimensional interpretative framework and evidence-based policy recommendations.
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