The Influence of Appellations of Origin on Wine Exports: The Case of Spain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/pjm2025.n002.7872Keywords:
export, appellation of origin, support activity, regulatory councilAbstract
Purpose: This study examines how affiliation with a Designation of Origin (DO) influences the export performance of Spanish wineries, focusing on the institutional role of Regulatory Councils in international wine promotion, an underexplored dimension in the literature. Methodology: Two nationwide surveys were conducted: one targeting all 70 Regulatory Councils in Spain, and another involving 687 wineries affiliated
with these DOs. An internationalization support index was developed based on three key dimensions: logistics, innovation, and training. Councils were classified by their level of support to assess the impact on export value. Findings: Two distinct institutional profiles emerged: high- and low-intensity support. In low-intensity Councils, a positive relationship is observed between DO membership and export value. In high-intensity cases, the relationship is more complex, suggesting the presence of moderating factors yet to be explored. Logistics and promotional support activities were found to be the most prevalent and
impactful. Originality/value: This study provides novel insights by linking wineries’ export performance not only to the reputation of their DO, but also to the strategic institutional actions of Regulatory Councils. It contributes to the broader understanding of how collective governance and public policy shape international competitiveness in the agri-food sector.
Downloads
References
Aaker, D. A. (1991). Brand equity. La gestione del valore della marca. Franco Angeli.
Agostino, M., & Trivieri, F. (2014). Geographical indication and wine exports: An empirical investigation considering the major European producers. Food Policy, 46, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.02.002
Albisu, L. M., & Corcoran, K. (2001). Agro-food business strategies for origin labelled products. German Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(6), 362-367. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/98908
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105
Arreglo de Lisboa relativo a la Protección de las Denominaciones de Origen y su Registro Internacional. (s. f.). Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual. https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/es/text/285840 (Obra original aprobada en 1958 y modificada el 28 de septiembre de 1979)
Barbosa, M. W. (2021). Uncovering research streams on agri-food supply chain management: A bibliometric study. Global Food Security, 28, 100517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100517
Bardají, I., & Mili, S. (2011). An investigation of current and upcoming developments affecting Spanish wine exportation. En G. Baourakis, K. Mattas, C. Zopounidis & G. Van Dijk (Eds.), A resilient European food industry in a challenging world (pp. 89-102). Nova Science Publishers.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Belderbos, R., Lykogianni, E., & Veugelers, R. (2008). Strategic R&D location by multinational firms: Spillovers, technology sourcing, and competition. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 17(3), 759-779. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2008.00194.x
Bilkey, W. J. (1978). An attempted integration of the literature on the export behaviour of firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490649
Bramley, C., Biénabe, E., & Kirsten, J. F. (2009). The economics of geographical indications: Towards a conceptual framework for geographical indication research in developing countries. The Economics of Intellectual Property, 109-138. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237377050
Campbell, G., & Guibert, N. (2006). Old world strategies against New World competition in a globalizing wine industry. British Food Journal, 108(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700610657092
Castaldi, R. M., Silverman, M., & Sengupta, S. (2004). Globalization in the wine industry: Implications for export service providers. International Journal of Wine Marketing, 16(2), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008770
Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800101
Chambolle, C., & Giraud-Héraud, É. (2003). Certification de la qualité par une AOC: un modèle d’analyse. Économie & Prévision, 159(3), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.3406/ecop.2003.6914
Chu, S., & Keh, H. T. (2006). Brand value creation: Analysis of the Interbrand-Business Week brand value rankings. Marketing Letters, 17(4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-9407-6
Contractor, F. J., & Mudambi, S. M. (2008). The influence of human capital investment on the exports of services and goods: An analysis of the top 25 services outsourcing countries. Management International Review, 48(4), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0025-9
Davies, S. W., Rondi, L., & Sembenelli, A. (2001). Are multinationality and diversification complementary or substitute strategies? An empirical analysis on European leading firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 19(8), 1315-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7187(00)00063-1
Depetris-Chauvin, N., & Fernández-Olmos, M. (2024). Disentangling the relationships between denomination of origin regulatory councils activities and Spanish wineries’ export performance. Agribusiness (publicación anticipada). https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21966
Duarte Alonso, A., & Liu, Y. (2012). Coping with changes in a sector in crisis: The case of small Spanish wineries. Journal of Wine Research, 23(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2011.646252
Fernández-Olmos, M., & Malorgio, G. (2020). The speed of the internationalisation process and the institutional networks of family SMEs in the DOC Rioja wine industry. Wine Economics and Policy, 9(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.36253/web-8371
Fernández-Olmos, M., Gargallo-Castel, A. F., & Malorgio, G. (2021). Do institutional networks affect winery survival? British Food Journal, 123(7), 2478-2491. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2020-0836
García Ruiz, J. L. (2009). Consejos reguladores de las denominaciones de origen. En C. Alonso Ledesma (Coord.), Cuadernos de derecho para ingenieros 1: organismos reguladores (pp. 175-192). La Ley.
Gemünden, H.-G. (1991). Success factors of export marketing: A meta-analytic critique of the empirical studies. En S. J. Paliwoda (Ed.), Perspectives on international marketing – re-issued (pp. 33-62). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203076613-3/success-factors-export-marketing-hans-georg-gem%C3%BCnden
Grant, R. M. (1987). Multinationality and performance among British manufacturing companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 18, 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490413
Hirsch, S., & Bijaoui, I. (1985). R&D intensity and export performance: A micro view. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 121(2), 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705822
Hoang, B. P. (1998). A causal study of relationships between firm characteristics, international marketing strategies, and export performance. Management International Review, 38(1), 73-94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40228474
Josling, T. (2006). The war on terroir: Geographical indications as a transatlantic trade conflict. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 57(3), 337-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2006.00075.x
Kim, Y. S., & Mathur, I. (2008). The impact of geographic diversification on firm performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(4), 747-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2007.09.007
Kotabe, M., Srinivasan, S. S., & Aulakh, P. S. (2002). Multinationality and firm performance. The moderating role of R&D and marketing capabilities. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491006
Lambert, D. M., Stock, J. R., & Ellram, L. M. (1998). Fundamentals of logistics management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Leonidou, L. C., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2010). Integrative assessment of exporting research articles in business journals during the period 1960-2007. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 879-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.01.005
Ley 24/2003 del 2003. Por la cual se establece la Ley de la Viña y el Vino. 10 de julio del 2003. Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-13864
Majocchi, A., Bacchiocchi, E., & Mayrhofer, U. (2005). Firm size, business experience and export intensity in SMEs: A longitudinal approach to complex relationships. International Business Review, 14(6), 719-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.07.004
Marco-Lajara, B., Seva-Larrosa, P., Martínez-Falcó, J., & García-Lillo, F. (2022). Wine clusters and Protected Designations of Origin (PDOs) in Spain: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Wine Research, 33(3), 146-167. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09571264.2022.2110051
Martínez Carrión, J. M., & Medina Albaladejo, F. J. (2010). Change and development in the Spanish wine sector, 1950-2009. Journal of Wine Research, 21(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2010.495856
Martínez Carrión, J. M., & Medina Albaladejo, F. J. (2013). La competitividad internacional de la industria vinícola española durante la globalización del vino. Revista de Historia Industrial, (52), 139-174. https://raco.cat/index.php/HistoriaIndustrial/article/view/268437
Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. (2012). Informe de la Industria Alimentaria 2010-2011.
Moen, Ø., & Servais, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.10.3.49.19540
Observatorio Español del Mercado del Vino. (2022, 22 de febrero). Exportaciones españolas de vino – año 2021. https://www.oemv.es/exportaciones-espanolas-de-vino-ano-2021
Pinho, J. C., & Martins, L. (2010). Exporting barriers: Insights from Portuguese small—and medium—sized exporters and non-exporters. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8(3), 254-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-010-0046-x
Pla-Barber, J., & Alegre, J. (2007). Analysing the link between export intensity, innovation and firm size in a science-based industry. International Business Review, 16(3), 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.02.005
Rialp, A., Rialp, J., Urbano, D., & Vaillant, Y. (2005). The born-global phenomenon: A comparative case study research. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 133-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-005-4202-7
Roberto, M. A. (2003). The changing structure of the global wine industry. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(9), 1-14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297675748_The_Changing_Structure_Of_The_Global_Wine_Industry/fulltext/56ee136208ae59dd41c64d26/The-Changing-Structure-Of-The-Global-Wine-Industry.pdf
Rodríguez, J. L., & García Rodríguez, R. M. (2005). Technology and export behaviour: A resource-based view approach. International Business Review, 14(5), 539-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.07.002
Ruppenthal, T., & Bausch, A. (2009). Research on export performance over the past 10 years: A narrative review. European Journal of International Management, 3(3), 328-364.
https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2009.026995
Sáenz‐Navajas, M.-P., Martín‐López, C., Ferreira, V., & Fernández-Zurbano, P. (2010). Sensory properties of premium Spanish red wines and their implication in wine quality perception. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 17(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2010.00115.x
Sanjuán, A. I., & Albisu, L. M. (2004). Factors affecting the positioning of wineries based on the value added by the DO certification. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C – Food Economics, 1(3), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/16507540410024524
Sellers-Rubio, R. (2010). Evaluating the economic performance of Spanish wineries. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 22(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511061011035215
Sousa, C. M. P., Martínez-López, F. J., & Coelho, F. (2008). The determinants of export performance: A review of the research in the literature between 1998 and 2005. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(4), 343-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00232.x
Wagner, J. (1995). Exports, firm size, and firm dynamics. Small Business Economics, 7(1), 29-39. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01074314
Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. A. (1992). Top management team demography and corporate change. Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), 91-121. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248114259_Top_Management_Team_Demography_and_Corporate_Change
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT
All published works are subject to a Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. This license allows sharing the material in any medium or format, as well as adapting, transforming, and building upon the material for any purpose. Both possibilities are only allowed to the extent that the attribution condition is met. This condition requires giving appropriate credit to both the author and the journal, providing a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. This can be done in any reasonable manner, but not in a way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use of the material.
Property Rights:
The Creative Commons BY 4.0 license allows authors to retain the patrimonial rights of their work without restrictions. If any work published by the PJM journal is distributed, disseminated, or any other action contemplated in the license, the author or authors and the journal must be mentioned in a visible and explicit manner.
(2)_.png)
.png)
