Impacto del valor de marca en la intención de compra: un análisis diferenciado por sexo y edad en Ceramics Import

Autores/as

  • Miriam Mamani Luque Universidad Peruana Unión
  • Hernán Hancco-Gutierrez Universidad Peruana Unión
  • Arnol Huaranga-Ríos Universidad Peruana Unión

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26439/pjm2025.n002.7822

Palabras clave:

asociación de marca, indicadores, valor de marca, calidad percibida, conciencia de marca, intención de compra, lealtad de marca

Resumen

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el valor de marca y la intención de compra de los consumidores, considerando dimensiones como la conciencia de marca, la asociación de marca, la calidad percibida y la lealtad de marca en la empresa Ceramics Import. Metodología: el estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño transversal y de tipo no experimental. Se recopiló información mediante encuestas aplicadas a una muestra de cuatrocientos cincuenta clientes de la empresa, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS (versión 27). Asimismo, se emplearon técnicas de correlación lineal múltiple y análisis de regresión para evaluar la relación entre las variables. Resultados: los hallazgos evidencian la relevancia de construir y sostener un valor de marca sólido como factor clave en la decisión de compra del consumidor. La correlación más fuerte se observó entre el valor de marca total y la intención de compra (r = ,573). El análisis por sexo indica que tanto la conciencia como la asociación de marca son significativas en hombres y en mujeres. Además, la segmentación por edad muestra que la asociación de marca resulta significativa en todos los grupos etarios y es más influyente en consumidores mayores de cuarenta y cinco años. Conclusión: la asociación de marca y el valor de marca, en general, se consolidan como los principales predictores de la intención de compra con efectos consistentes, independientemente del sexo o la edad. Originalidad / valor: este estudio aporta evidencia empírica valiosa para la formulación de estrategias de marketing orientadas a fortalecer el posicionamiento y la preferencia de marca, lo que facilita la toma de decisiones más eficaces en contextos competitivos.

 

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing brand equity. Free Press.

Aaker, D. A. (1992). The value of brand equity. Journal of Business Strategy, 13(4), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb039503

Aaker, D. A. (1994). Gestión del valor de la marca: capitalizar el valor de la marca. Díaz de Santos.

Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3),

347-356. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151897

Aakko, M., & Niinimäki, K. (2022). Quality matters: Reviewing the connections between perceived quality and clothing use time. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 26(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-09-2020-0192

Ahmed, N., Li, C., Khan, A., Qalati, S. A., Naz, S., & Rana, F. (2020). Purchase intention toward organic food among young consumers using theory of planned behavior: Role of environmental concerns and environmental awareness. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(5), 796-822. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1785404

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. En J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Alalawneh, A. A., Al-Omar, S. Y. S., & Alkhatib, S. (2022). The complexity of interaction between social media platforms and organizational performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040169

Aliaga Fidel, J. E. (2024). Purchase intention and jits relationship with the online purchasing behavior of Peruvian buyers, application of the UTAUT model [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Continental]. Repositorio de la Universidad Continental. https://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/bitstream/20.500.12394/15930/5/IV_FCE_318_TE_Aliaga_Fidel_2024.pdf.pdf

Amat Rodrigo, J. (2016). Correlación lineal y regresión lineal simple. Ciencia de datos. https://cienciadedatos.net/documentos/24_correlacion_y_regresion_lineal

Belén del Río, A., Vázquez, R., & Iglesias, V. (2001). The effects of brand associations on consumer response. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(5), 410-425. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110398808

Bian, Q., & Forsythe, S. (2012). Purchase intention for luxury brands: A cross cultural comparison. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1443-1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.010

Blanco-González, A., Martín-Armario, E., & Mercado Idoeta, C. (2013). La influencia de las actitudes en la intención de compra del coleccionista. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 22(2), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redee.2012.07.007

Campagna, C. L., Donthu, N., & Yoo, B. (2023). Brand authenticity: Literature review, comprehensive definition, and an amalgamated scale. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 31(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2021.2018937

Canguende-Valentim, C. F., & Vale, V. T. (2023). The effect of value perceptions on luxury purchase intentions: An Angolan market perspective. Journal of Global Marketing, 36(2), 112-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2022.2143462

Cardoso, A., Gabriel, M., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, I., Rêgo, R., Silva, R., Oliveira, M., & Meirinhos, G. (2022). Trust and loyalty in building the brand relationship with the customer: Empirical analysis in a retail chain in northern Brazil. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030109

Chen, T.-Y., Yeh, T.-L., & Jheng, W.-S. (2012). Factors influencing brand association. African Journal of Business Management, 7(19), 1914-1926.

Çifci, S., Ekinci, Y., Whyatt, G., Japutra, A., Molinillo, S., & Siala, H. (2016). A cross validation of consumer-based brand equity models: Driving customer equity in retail brands. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3740-3747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.066

Civelek, M. E., & Ertemel, A. V. (2020). The role of brand equity and perceived value for stimulating purchase intention in B2C e-commerce web sites. Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(1), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2019.165

Clark, T., Foster, L., Sloan, L., & Bryman, A. (2021). Bryman’s social research methods. Oxford University Press.

Cobb-Walgren, C. J., Ruble, C. A., & Donthu, N. (1995). Brand equity, Brand preference, and purchase intent. Journal of Advertising, 24(3), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1995.10673481

Delgado-Ballester, E., & Hernández-Espallardo, M. (2008). Effect of brand associations on consumer reactions to unknown on-line brands. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 12(3), 81-113. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415120305

Dobre, C., Milovan, A.-M., Duțu, C., Preda, G., & Agapie, A. (2021). The common values of social media marketing and luxury brands. The millennials and generation Z perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(7), 2532-2553. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070139

Ebrahim, R., Ghoneim, A., Irani, Z., & Fan, Y. (2016). A brand preference and repurchase intention model: the role of consumer experience. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(13-14), 1230-1259. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2016.1150322

Fishbein, M. (1967). Readings in attitude theory and measurement. Wiley.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.

Foroudi, P., Jin, Z., Gupta, S., Foroudi, M. M., & Kitchen, P. J. (2018). Perceptional components of brand equity: Configuring the symmetrical and asymmetrical paths to brand loyalty and brand purchase intention. Journal of Business Research, 89, 462-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.031

Gandhi, M., Ubba, S., & Jyoti. (2023). Effect of consumer value perception on consumer purchase intention: A case of private label apparels. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509231166256

García-Salirrosas, E. E., Millones-Liza, D. Y., Esponda-Pérez, J. A., Acevedo-Duque, Á., Müller-Pérez, J., & Sánchez Díaz, L. C. (2022). Factors influencing loyalty to health food brands: An analysis from the value perceived by the Peruvian consumer. Sustainability, 14(17), 10529. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710529

Górska-Warsewicz, H. (2020). Factors determining city brand equity—A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(19), 7858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197858

Gupta, S., Gallear, D., Rudd, J., & Foroudi, P. (2020). The impact of brand value on brand competitiveness. Journal of Business Research, 112, 210-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.033

Gürhan-Canli, Z., Sarial-Abi, G., & Hayran, C. (2018). Consumers and brands across the globe: Research synthesis and new directions. Journal of International Marketing, 26(1), 96-117. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.17.0063

Hanaysha, J. R. (2018). An examination of the factors affecting consumer’s purchase decision in the Malaysian retail market. PSU Research Review, 2(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-08-2017-0034

Hanslim, F., Jaya, H. P., & Prasetyawati, Y. R. (2020). The influence of perceived quality on product purchase intention through event. Communicare: Journal of Communication Studies, 7(2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.37535/101007220202

Hasani, A., Kokthi, E., Zoto, O., Berisha, K., & Miftari, I. (2022). Analyzing consumer perception on quality and safety of frozen foods in emerging economies: Evidence from Albania and Kosovo. Foods, 11(9), 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091247

Hess, A. C., & Melnyk, V. (2016). Pink or blue? The impact of gender cues on brand perceptions. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9-10), 1550-1574. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-11-2014-0723

Homburg, C., Klarmann, M., & Schmitt, J. (2010). Brand awareness in business markets: When is it related to firm performance? International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27(3),

201-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2010.03.004

Hoyer, W. D., & Brown, S. P. (1990). Effects of brand awareness on choice for a common, repeat-purchase product. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1086/208544

Huang, R., & Sarigöllü, E. (2012). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. Journal of Business Research, 65(1), 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.02.003

Huerta-Soto, R., Ramirez-Asis, H., Mukthar, K. P. J., Rurush-Asencio, R., Villanueva-Calderón, J., & Zarzosa-Marquez, E. (2023). Purchase intention based on the brand value of pharmacies in a locality of the Peruvian highlands. En B. Alareeni, A. Hamdan, R. Khamis & R. El Khoury (Eds.), Digitalisation: Opportunities and challenges for business (pp. 67-78). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26956-1_7

Husain, R., Ahmad, A., & Khan, B. M. (2022). The impact of brand equity, status consumption, and brand trust on purchase intention of luxury brands. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2034234. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2034234

Jacoby, J., & Kyner, D. B. (1973). Brand loyalty vs. repeat purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377301000101

Jeon, H. M., & Yoo, S. R. (2021). The relationship between brand experience and consumer-based brand equity in grocerants. Service Business, 15, 369-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-021-00439-8

Kabacińska, K., Vu, K., Tam, M., Edwards, O., Miller, W. C., & Robillard, J. M. (2023). “Functioning better is doing better”: Older adults’ priorities for the evaluation of assistive technology. Assistive Technology, 35(4), 367-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2022.2113180

Karagiorgos, T., Lianopoulos, Y., Alexandris, K., & Kouthouris, C. (2023). The role of brand associations on the development of place attachment into outdoor adventure tourism destinations. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100617

Karpinska-Krakowiak, M. (2021). Women are more likely to buy unknown brands than men: The effects of gender and known versus unknown brands on purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102273

Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101

Keller, K., & Swaminathan, V. (2020). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity (5.a ed.). Pearson.

Kirchoff, J. F., Nichols, B. S., & Rowe, W. J. (2019). The impact of functional integration on perceived risk and consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(2), 136-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1384746

Koll, O., & Wallpach, S. von. (2014). Intended brand associations: Do they really drive consumer response? Journal of Business Research, 67(7), 1501-1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.06.010

Lambert-Pandraud, R., Laurent, G., Mullet, E., & Yoon, C. (2017). Impact of age on brand awareness sets: A turning point in consumers’ early 60s. Marketing Letters, 28, 205-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-016-9407-0

Leclercq-Machado, L., Alvarez-Risco, A., Gómez-Prado, R., Cuya-Velásquez, B. B., Esquerre-Botton, S., Morales-Ríos, F., Almanza-Cruz, C., Castillo-Benancio, S., Anderson-Seminario, M. de las M., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., & Yáñez, J. A. (2022). Sustainable fashion and consumption patterns in Peru: An environmental-attitude-intention-behavior analysis. Sustainability, 14(16), 9965. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169965

Li, X., Niu, Y., & Xu, J. (2023). Factors affecting purchase intention of Hanfu: Considering product identification, cultural motivation, and perceived authenticity. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080689

Lieven, T., & Hildebrand, C. (2016). The impact of brand gender on brand equity. International Marketing Review, 33(2), 178-195. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-08-2014-0276

Lieven, T., Grohmann, B., Herrmann, A., Landwehr, J. R., & Tilburg, M. van. (2015). The effect of brand design on brand gender perceptions and brand preference. European Journal of Marketing, 49(1-2), 146-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2012-0456

Lim, H.-R., & An, S. (2021). Intention to purchase wellbeing food among Korean consumers: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Food Quality and Preference, 88, 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104101

Liu, M. T., Liu, Y., & Mo, Z. (2020). Moral norm is the key. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(8), 1823-1841. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2019-0285

Loureiro, S. M. C., Ruediger, K. H., & Demetris, V. (2012). Brand emotional connection and loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 20, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2012.3

Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Lu, C. Y. (2015). Authenticity perceptions, brand equity and brand choice intention: The case of ethnic restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.008

Maier, D., Maier, A., Așchilean, I., Anastasiu, L., & Gavriș, O. (2020). The relationship between innovation and sustainability: A bibliometric review of the literature. Sustainability, 12(10), 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104083

Masa’deh, R., Al-Haddad, S., Al Abed, D., Khalil, H., AlMomani, L., & Khirfan, T. (2021). The impact of social media activities on brand equity. Information, 12(11), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12110477

McKercher, B. (2023). Age or generation? Understanding behaviour differences. Annals of Tourism Research, 103, 103656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103656

Moretta Tartaglione, A., Cavacece, Y., Russo, G., & Granata, G. (2019). A systematic mapping study on customer loyalty and brand management. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010008

Mostafa, R. B., & Kasamani, T. (2021). Brand experience and brand loyalty: Is it a matter of emotions? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(4), 1033-1051. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-11-2019-0669

Muñoz, C. (2020) La lealtad de marca y su influencia en la de decisión de compra de zapatillas deportivas en jóvenes entre 18 a 35 años en Lima Metropolitana [Tesis de bachillerato, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas]. Repositorio Académico UPC. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651917

Nam, J., Ekinci, Y., & Whyatt, G. (2011). Brand equity, brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1009-1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.015

Nawaz, S., Jiang, Y., Alam, F., & Nawaz, M. Z. (2020). Role of brand love and consumers’ demographics in building consumer–brand relationship. Sage Open, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020983005

Ndhlovu, T., & Maree, T. (2023). The central role of consumer–brand engagement in product and service brand contexts. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12, 944-961. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00241-7

Omoruyi, O., & Chinomona, E. (2019). Evaluating the effects of brand advertising, brand element and brand awareness on purchasing intention. Journal of Contemporary Management, 16(1), 422-449. https://doi.org/10.35683/jcm19012.0021

Pang, J., & Ding, Y. (2021). Blending package shape with the gender dimension of brand image: How and why? International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(1), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.06.003

Pang, S. M., Tan, B. C., & Lau, T. C. (2021). Antecedents of consumers’ purchase intention towards organic food: Integration of theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory. Sustainability, 13(9), 5218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095218

Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.006

Pourazad, N., Stocchi, L., & Pare, V. (2019). Brand attribute associations, emotional consumer-brand relationship and evaluation of brand extensions. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(4), 249-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.07.004

Ramadania, R., Suh, J., Rosyadi, R., Purmono, B. B., & Rahmawati, R. (2023). Consumer ethnocentrism, cultural sensitivity, brand credibility on purchase intentions of domestic cosmetics. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2), 2229551. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2229551

Rizwan, S., Al-Malkawi, H.-A., Gadar, K., Sentosa, I., & Abdullah, N. (2021). Impact of brand equity on purchase intentions: empirical evidence from the health industry of the United Arab Emirates. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(3), 349-365. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2019-0105

Rossiter, J. R. (2014). ‘Branding’ explained: Defining and measuring brand awareness and brand attitude. Journal of Brand Management, 21, 533-540. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.33

Roth-Cohen, O., Rosenberg, H., & Lissitsa, S. (2021). Are you talking to me? Generation X, Y, Z responses to mobile advertising. Convergence, 28(3), 761-780. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211047342

Schivinski, B., & Dabrowski, D. (2014). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22, 189-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.871323

Shalender, K., & Sharma, N. (2021). Using extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict adoption intention of electric vehicles in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 665-681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00602-7

Shariq, M. (2019). A study of brand equity formation in the fast moving consumer goods category. Jindal Journal of Business Research, 8(1), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278682118823306

Singh, K. K. (2022). Research methodology in social science. K. K. Publications.

Sobieraj, S., & Krämer, N. C. (2020). Similarities and differences between genders in the usage of computer with different levels of technological complexity. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.021

Srivastava, R. K. (2015). How differing demographic factors impact consumers’ loyalty towards national or international fast food chains: A comparative study in emerging fast food chains. British Food Journal, 117(4), 1354-1376. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2014-0230

Su, J. (2016). Examining the relationships among the brand equity dimensions. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(3), 464-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-01-2015-0004

Tansil, M. J., & Tielung, M. M. V. (2014). The effect of perceived price and perceived quality on purchase intention at Shmily Cupcakes store Manado. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 2(3), 1290-1299. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/2289/the-effect-of-perceived-price-and-perceived-quality-on-purchase-intention-at-shm

Thangavel, P., Pathak, P., & Chandra, B. (2019). Consumer decision-making style of gen Z: A generational cohort analysis. Global Business Review, 23(3), 710-728. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919880128

Uyanık, G. K., & Güler, N. (2013). A study on multiple linear regression analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.027

Vera-Reino, J. L., Ugalde, C., Piedra-Aguilera, M. A., & Quirindumbay, D. (2022). Influencia del valor de la marca en la intención de compra por tamaño de empresa. Revista Academia & Negocios, 8(2), 139-154. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5608/560872306010/html/

Wang, C., Liu, T., Zhu, Y., Wang, H., Wang, X., & Zhao, S. (2023). The influence of consumer perception on purchase intention: Evidence from cross-border e-commerce platforms. Heliyon, 9(11), e21617. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(23)08825-4

Whalen, E. A., Bowen, J. T., & Baloglu, S. (2023). Comparison of generational loyalty models and loyalty programs for millennial, generation X, and baby boomer hotel customers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(4), 2328-2346. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2023-0053

Xue, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., & Majeed, S. (2020). Do brand competence and warmth always influence purchase intention? The moderating role of gender. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00248

Yates, S., Kirby, J., & Lockley, E. (2015). Digital media use: Differences and inequalities in relation to class and age. Sociological Research Online, 20(4), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3751

Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00098-3

Zhang, C., Kashmiri, S., & Cinelli, M. (2019). How does brand age influence consumer attitudes toward a firm’s unethical behavior? Journal of Business Ethics, 158(3), 699-711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3696-y

Descargas

Publicado

2025-10-17

Número

Sección

Artículos