Seguridad alimentaria y asimetría de la información: implicaciones para la industria agroalimentaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/pjm2025.n002.7812Palabras clave:
seguridad alimentaria, calidad alimentaria, información asimétrica, coordinación vertical, corregulación, señales de seguridad y calidadResumen
Objetivo: este estudio organiza y analiza críticamente la literatura sobre seguridad alimentaria desde la perspectiva de la economía de la información. Se identifican los principales problemas informacionales, como la asimetría de la información, el riesgo moral y la selección adversa, junto con las soluciones propuestas en el ámbito académico. Además, se señalan vacíos conceptuales y se proponen líneas de investigación futuras. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science, considerando estudios académicos en las áreas de seguridad alimentaria, economía, gobernanza y gestión de cadenas de suministro, con foco en marcos teóricos y enfoques de coordinación. La revisión permitió mapear las principales contribuciones y tendencias en el tema. Resultados: la seguridad alimentaria es un factor clave para la competitividad en el sector agroalimentario. Su gestión depende de la calidad de insumos, la estructura de la cadena de valor y los mecanismos de control utilizados. A medida que la medición de la seguridad se vuelve más costosa y compleja, se requieren formas más estrechas de coordinación, tanto públicas como privadas. Entre los mecanismos más relevantes se destacan los sistemas HACCP, la trazabilidad y los esquemas de certificación voluntaria. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre qué enfoque institucional es más eficaz ante distintos grados de asimetría informativa sigue siendo limitada. Originalidad / valor: aunque existen estudios sobre seguridad alimentaria, pocos han abordado el tema desde una perspectiva estructurada basada en la economía de la información. Este trabajo integra conceptos clave como credibilidad, riesgo moral y selección adversa en un marco teórico aplicado al análisis de gobernanza agroalimentaria. La propuesta ofrece herramientas útiles para investigadores, responsables de políticas públicas y actores del sector que buscan mejorar la eficiencia y la transparencia en los sistemas de control alimentario.
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