Modos de entrada al mercado extranjero: la expansión internacional de las bodegas españolas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26439/pjm2025.n002.7459

Palabras clave:

modelo logit secuencial, proceso de elección en dos etapas, modalidad de exportación, industria del vino

Resumen

Objetivos: La mayor parte de la literatura sobre el comportamiento exportador de las pequeñas
empresas examina dos procesos de toma de decisiones de una sola etapa —si exportar o no
hacerlo, y qué modo de entrada utilizar—, o bien integra ambas decisiones simultáneamente en
un modelo de una sola etapa. Este artículo propone que la decisión sobre exportar y la elección
del canal de exportación son decisiones anidadas y no independientes. A la luz de lo anterior, el
objetivo de este estudio es probar diferentes procesos de elección del modo de entrada: decisiones
independientes y decisiones anidadas y no independientes. Metodología: la metodología estima
y compara los siguientes dos modelos: (i) un modelo simultáneo de una sola etapa con tres
elecciones de modo de entrada (utilizando un modelo logit multinomial); ii) un modelo de dos
etapas con la decisión de exportación precediendo a la decisión del canal utilizando un modelo
logit secuencial. Resultados: el estudio utiliza factores basados en recursos para determinar
estos procesos de decisión en materia de internacionalización y lleva a cabo un análisis empírico
utilizando una muestra de 177 empresas de la DOC Rioja. Utilizando los criterios de información de
Akaike y Schwarz, la evidencia empírica apoya la existencia de una estructura anidada, donde la
decisión de exportar precede a la decisión del modo de exportación. Se discuten las implicaciones
y contribuciones de los hallazgos. Originalidad: esta perspectiva jerárquica de las elecciones
involucradas en el proceso es atractiva por dos razones. En primer lugar, apoya la idea de que
las personas tienen una capacidad analítica limitada. Los gerentes a menudo descomponen una
decisión compleja en un proceso jerárquico porque esto la hace más manejable. En segundo lugar,
reconoce que existen diferencias importantes entre los modos de entrada.

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Publicado

2025-10-17

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