WhatsApp, comunicación móvil y participación política: un estudio cuantitativo en Ecuador
Resumen
Este trabajo explora la relación entre distintos usos políticos de WhatsApp y los comportamientos de participación política en el contexto ecuatoriano. Con el propósito de lograr un entendimiento más detallado, la participación política se clasificó en tres modos de acción específicos: offline convencional, offline protesta y online. Por su parte, el uso político de la aplicación se desagregó en tres tipos: (a) consumo de información política, (b) expresión y discusión política, y (c) contacto con grupos políticos online. A partir de los datos de encuestas aplicadas en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (Ecuador) en el 2018, los análisis de regresión múltiple desarrollados indican que el consumo de información política vía WhatsApp solo influye significativamente sobre las acciones de protesta política. Por el contrario, la expresión y la discusión política mediante esta aplicación móvil producen efectos movilizadores sobre todas las modalidades de participación analizadas. Efecto consistente que también se observa cuando WhatsApp se emplea para la interacción con grupos políticos online. En el apartado final se discuten los hallazgos del estudio tomando en cuenta la investigación previa en torno a los efectos democráticos de esta aplicación.
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