El impacto del consumo de energía en el crecimiento económico: Un análisis con datos de panel
Resumen
El presente estudio analiza el rol del consumo de energía desagregado en el crecimiento de las economías industrializadas con mayor consumo de energía, las cuales representan el 60 % del consumo mundial. Los resultados, tras la estimación con errores estándar corregidos para panel, apuntan a una relación positiva y significativa entre cuatro tipos de energía (petróleo, carbón, gas natural y energía renovable) y el crecimiento del PBI. El consumo de petróleo genera el efecto de mayor magnitud en el crecimiento económico, mientras que la energía renovable tendría el menor impacto. Frente a ello, se recomienda ser prudentes con respecto a políticas conservacionistas que podrían afectar negativamente el crecimiento económico, pero se sugiere el cambio paulatino en la matriz energética hacia fuentes menos contaminantes como la energía renovable. Este estudio proporciona evidencia empírica del rol del consumo de energía en el crecimiento de las economías industrializadas y su impacto diferencial según el tipo de energía.
Citas
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