Calidad de gobierno, renta petrolera y crecimiento económico en países latinoamericanos
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo estudiar el impacto de la renta petrolera y el crecimiento económico sobre la calidad de gobierno en diez países latinoamericanos. Con datos anuales obtenidos del Banco Mundial y la Guía Internacional de Riesgo País (ICRG), se estimó un modelo de datos de panel. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativamente negativa entre la renta petrolera y calidad de gobernanza debido a los altos incentivos para la búsqueda de rentas y la corrupción, lo cual genera prácticas ineficientes de inversión y gasto. Por otro lado, se encontró que el crecimiento económico tiene un efecto significativamente positivo sobre la calidad de gobierno, ya que el desarrollo económico mejora la eficiencia y ejecución del mecanismo de gobernanza formal, lo que genera mayores incentivos hacia las inversiones públicas para la mejora de la calidad de instituciones.
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