Evidencias de validez de la Escala de Bienestar Social para la población brasileña
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/persona2025.n2.8631Palavras-chave:
bienestar social , análisis factorial, evaluación psicológica, promoción de la saludResumo
La salud y el bienestar constituyen una fuente crítica tanto de capital financiero como social para el desarrollo sostenible de países y comunidades. En el contexto brasileño, sin embargo, existe una notable escasez de instrumentos que estén diseñados para evaluar el bienestar desde una perspectiva interrelacional. Así, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo presentar las evidencias de validez de la Escala de Bienestar Social para Brasil. El estudio involucró a 214 participantes brasileños (un 80 % constituido por mujeres) con edades entre los 18 y los 77 años (M = 32.75; DE = 10.68), quienes contestaron a la Escala de Bienestar Social y al Cuestionario de Salud General (QSG-12). Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados identificaron un modelo de cinco factores con alfas satisfactorios (integración social: α = 0.80, ωt = 0.82; aceptación social: α = 0.84, ωt = 0.87; contribución social: α = 0.84, ωt = 0.83; actualización social: α = 0.66, ωt = 0.84; y coherencia social: α = 0.63, ωt = 0.71; escala total: α = 0.89, ωt = 0.95). Asimismo, identificaron adecuados índices de ajuste: CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.06 (IC = 0.05 – 0.07). La escala mostró una asociación significativa con el QSG-12, lo cual aporta evidencia de validez basada en la relación con otras variables. El instrumento contribuye a la ampliación de estudios sobre bienestar social en el contexto brasileño.
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