Motivación en la sombra: scoping review sobre la personalidad oscura desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/persona2025.n2.8567Palavras-chave:
factor oscuro, dark triad, dark tetrad , personalidad, motivación , teoría de la autodeterminación , scoping reviewResumo
La personalidad oscura se ha asociado con diversas formas de desadaptación y deterioro del bienestar; sin embargo, los mecanismos motivacionales implicados en estas relaciones han sido poco integrados de manera sistemática. Esta scoping review tuvo como objetivo mapear y analizar sistemáticamente la evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre el dark factor de la personalidad y los procesos motivacionales propuestos por la teoría de la autodeterminación (SDT). Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA-ScR, se realizaron búsquedas en Scopus y APA PsycNet, incluyendo doce estudios empíricos. Los hallazgos indican que los rasgos oscuros se asocian consistentemente con mayor frustración de las necesidades de autonomía, competencia y relación, junto con regulaciones motivacionales más controladas y amotivación. Estos patrones se vinculan con indicadores psicológicos, conductuales y funcionales como desenganche académico, estrés, burnout y conductas compulsivas. Asimismo, cuando estos rasgos se expresan en posiciones de autoridad, pueden adquirir un carácter contextual, lo que configura climas más controladores que, desde la SDT, se relacionan con mayor frustración de las necesidades básicas y menor calidad motivacional. Más que derivar implicaciones directas para la práctica, la revisión cumple una función orientadora para futuras investigaciones, identificando vacíos en la comprensión de procesos de regulación, adaptación psicológica y manifestaciones conductuales. Se requieren estudios longitudinales, experimentales e integradores que esclarezcan los mecanismos, la direccionalidad y la integración conceptual.
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Referências
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