Effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention in reducing depression in young people
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26439/persona2022.n25(2).5831Keywords:
depression, positive and negative affect, positive psychology, interventionAbstract
This study presents the results of an intervention based on positive psychology. The objective was to reduce the levels of depression in young university students. University students were diagnosed by applying group measurement instruments. Based on the results obtained, participants were selected (n = 3) to carry out a five-session intervention for each case, using positive psychology techniques. They answered instruments (pre and post-intervention) on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Depression Inventory. The results revealed favorable changes in the participants at the end of the sessions. After the intervention, there was a decrease in the average levels of depression and negative emotions and an increase in the students' positive emotions, with higher levels than those observed before the intervention. We conclude that intervention with positive psychology techniques can improve the emotional health of university students, reducing their depressive symptoms and increasing their positive emotions.
Downloads
References
Agloe, S. B., & Zhaoyang, R. (2016). Positive psychology in context: Effects of expressing gratitude in ongoing relationships depend on perceptions of enactor responsiveness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(4), 399-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1117131
Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neurological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.529
Berrío, N. (2019). Terapia cognitiva con entrega virtual en trastorno depresivo persistente: estudio de caso. Clínica Contemporánea, 10(e21), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5093/cc2019a21
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Bolier, L., Lamers, S. M., & Westerhof, G. J. (2017). Intervenciones clínicas positivas: ¿Por qué son importantes y cómo funcionan? Papeles del Psicólogo, 38(1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2819
Bromet, E., Andrade, L. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hu, G., Iwata, N., Karam, A. N., Kaur, J., Kostyuchenko, S., Lépine, J. P., Levinson, D., Matschinger, H., Medina Mora, M. E., Oakley Browne, M., Posada-Villa, J., … & Kessler, R. C. (2011). Cross-national epidemiology of DSM_IV major depressive episode. BMC Medicine, 9, artículo 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-90
Celano, C. M., Gomez-Bernal, F., Mastromauro, C. A., Beale, E. E., DuBois, C. M., Auerbach, R. P., & Huffman, J. C. (2020). A positive psychology intervention for patients with bipolar depression: a randomized pilot trial. Journal of Mental Health, 29(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521942
Ciarrochi, J., Atkins, P. W. B., Hayes, L., Sahdra B. K., & Parker, P. (2016). Contextual positive psychology: Policy recommendations for implementing positive psychology into schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1561. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01561
Cuadra, A., Veloso, C., Puddu, G., Salgado, P., & Peralta, J. (2012). Impacto de un programa de psicología positiva en sintomatología depresiva y satisfacción vital en adultos mayores. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25(4), 644-652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722012000400003
Craske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., Dour, H., & Rosenfield, D. (2019). Positive affect treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial for a core feature of anhedonia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(5), 457-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000396
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L., & Levenson, R. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12(2), 191-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379718
Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science 13(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24(4), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010796329158
Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024338
Han, X., Chen, S., Bi, K., Yang, Z., & Sun, P. (2021). Depression following COVID-19 lockdown in severely, moderately, and mildly impacted areas in China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 596872. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.596872
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (2003). Measuring positive emotions. En S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 201-218). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10612-013
López, M. V., González-Arratia, N. I., Andrade Palos, P., & Oudhof, H. (2012). Depresión en adolescentes: el papel de los sucesos vitales estresantes. Salud Mental, 35, 37-43. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/sm/v35n1/v35n1a6.pdf
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Benjet, C., Lara, C., & Berglund, P. (2007). Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(6), 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025841
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G., Lara, M. C., Benjet, C., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., Villatoro, J., Rojas, E., Zambrano J., Casanova L., & Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2003). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: Resultados de la encuesta nacional de epidemiología psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental, 26(4), 1-16. https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/salmen/sam-2003/sam034a.pdf
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2005). Sistema de clasificación del método en los informes de investigaciónen Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(1), 115-127. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33701007.pdf
Moscoso, M. S. (2014). Naturaleza de las emociones positivas en la evaluación de la depresión: una nueva visión en psicometría. Revista de Psicología, 32(2), 304-327. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3378/337832618005.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2012). La depresión es una enfermedad frecuente y la personas que la padecen necesitan apoyo y tratamiento. https://apps.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2012/mental_health_day_20121009/es/index.html
Oriol-Granado, X., Mendoza-Lira, M., Covarrubias-Apablaza, C. G., & Molina-López, V. M. (2017). Emociones positivas, apoyo a la autonomía y rendimiento de estudiantes universitarios: el papel mediador del compromiso académico y la autoeficacia. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 22(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1136-1034(17)30043-6
Palacios, D. J. (2010). Batería de evaluación psicológica para la cultura mexicana. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biopsicosocial. Palacios, J. (2018). Predictores de personalidad y autoeficacia sobre la conducta sexual en jóvenes mexicanos. Annales of Psicología, 35(1), 131-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.319471
Palacios, J., & Álvarez, M. (2018). Consumo de drogas asociadas al contagio de infecciones de trasmisión sexual en jóvenes de México. Health and Addictions Journal, 18(2), 111-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v18i2.384
Palacios, J., Sánchez, B., & Andrade, P. (2010). Intento de suicidio y búsqueda de sensaciones en adolescentes. Revista Intercontinental de Psicología y Educación, 12(1), 53-75. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/802/80212393004.pdf
Pan, S., Ali, K., Kahathuduwa, C., Baronia, R., & Ibrahim, Y. (2022). Meta-analysis of positive psychology interventions on the treatment of depression. Cureus, 14(2), e21933. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21933
Priede, A., Ruiz Torres, M., Hoyuela, F., Herrán, A., & González-Blanch, C. (2014). El termómetro del distrés como prueba de cribado de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes oncológicos recién diagnosticados. Psicooncología, 11(1), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_PSIC.2014.v11.n1.44915
Robles, R., & Páez, F. (2003). Estudio sobre la traducción al español y las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de afecto positivo y negativo (PANAS). Salud Mental, 26(1), 69-75. https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/salmen/sam-2003/sam031h.pdf
Salanova, M., & Llorens, S. (2016). Hacia una psicología positiva aplicada. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(3), 161-164. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/778/77847916001.pdf
Secretaría de Salud (2011). Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la Salud. http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/compi/rlgsmis.html
Seligman, M. E. P. (2019). Positive psychology: A personal history. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095653
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new possible psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Free Press.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(8), 774- 788. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2006-21079-029
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60 (5), 410-421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
Sheldon, K. M., & King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56(3), 216 - 217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.216
Silton, R. L., Kahrilas, I. J., Skymba, H. V., Smith, J., Bryant, F. B., & Heller, W. (2020). Regulating positive emotions: Implications for promoting well-being in individuals with depression. Emotion, 20(1), 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000675
Sonnenschein, A. R., Hofmann, S. G., Ziegelmayer, T., & Lutz, W. (2018) Linguistic analysis of patients with mood and anxiety disorders during cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47(4), 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1419505
Stemmler, A., Staehle, R., Heinemann, T., Bender, M., & Hennig, J. (2021). Positive psychology interventions in in-patients with depression: influences of comorbidity and subjective evaluation of the training programme. BJPsych Open, 7(4), E109. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.65
Tron, R., Contreras, O., & Chavéz, M. (2013). Depresión y pensamiento constructivo en estudiantes universtarios. Revista de Educación y Desarrollo, 27, 39-47. http://www.cucs.udg.mx/revistas/edu_desarrollo/anteriores/27/027_Tron.pdf
Varma, P., Junge, M., Meaklim, H., & Jackson, M. L. (2021). Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A global cross-sectional survey. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 109, 110236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110236
Zautra, A. J. (2003). Emotions, stress, and health. Oxford University Press.
Zautra, A., Smith, B., Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (2001). Examinations of chronic pain and affect relationships: Applications of a dynamic model of affect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(5), 786-795. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.69.5.786
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Acceptance for publication implies the transfer of printing and reproduction rights, by any form and means, to the publisher, while the author retains the intellectual property of the article.








