El sistema de necesidades de Murray y los 5 grandes rasgos de personalidad: evaluación de su relación mediante un modelo exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales
Resumen
Las pruebas de personalidad se utilizan regularmente como un requisito en muchos sectores en Brasil, incluyendo la educación, los recursos humanos y la gestión del tráfico. El Inventario de Factores de Personalidad, basado en la teoría de las necesidades de Murray, es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en Brasil. A pesar de su importancia, sus resultados solo están parcialmente relacionados con la teoría de los cinco grandes, el marco aceptado para entender la personalidad. Esta discrepancia teórica podría crear desafíos prácticos para los profesionales que deben ajustarse a los perfiles de los cinco grandes y la armonización de ambas teorías mejoraría su aplicación práctica. En este estudio, evaluamos la posibilidad de ajustar la teoría de personalidad de Murray dentro del marco de los cinco grandes utilizando el modelo exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales y pruebas de invarianza (por ejemplo, de género), utilizando datos de 272 845 participantes en Brasil (56.2 % hombres, M edad 21.74 ± 15.24) que completaron el Inventario de Factores de Personalidad. También validamos los resultados cruzando muestras aleatorias. Los resultados demostraron un ajuste adecuado, consistencia en la fiabilidad e invarianza escalar/fuerte. El porcentaje de factores de la teoría de Murray en la solución de los cinco grandes nos llevó a concluir que el sistema de necesidades de Murray podría ajustarse en una solución de cinco factores. Los resultados se discuten desde una perspectiva psicométrica y se consideran aspectos históricos de la evaluación de la personalidad.
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