Innovaciones tecnológicas en la evaluación psicológica: reflexiones sobre su impacto y aplicaciones en la psicometría contemporánea
Resumen
En el ámbito de la evaluación psicológica, se puede observar un viraje en el uso de métodos tradicionales hacia procedimientos que incorporan innovaciones tecnológicas, tales como plataformas digitales, videojuegos, chatbots, realidad virtual e inteligencia artificial. El objetivo de este ensayo es describir las innovaciones tecnológicas actualmente disponibles y las que se encuentran en vías de desarrollo en el ámbito de la evaluación psicológica. Estas herramientas, conocidas por sus siglas en inglés TBA (technology-based assessment), se caracterizan por ser evaluaciones basadas en un tipo de tecnología particular: la digital. En este trabajo, se describen los distintos tipos de TBA y se presentan diferentes desarrollos disponibles para evaluar un amplio abanico de variables psicológicas. Se detalla la creciente inclusión de TBA en el ámbito de la evaluación psicológica y se ponderan las ventajas y limitaciones que su uso conlleva. Finalmente, se realiza un recorrido por los lineamientos internacionales que se han consensuado en cuanto al desarrollo de TBA que sean válidas, confiables y justas y su uso. Se concluye que la incorporación de TBA en procesos de evaluación psicológica podría resultar ventajosa en cuanto a la accesibilidad y el engagement. Asimismo, este tipo de tecnologías superarían en abundancia y variedad al cúmulo de información obtenido por métodos tradicionales.
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