Pandemia y salud mental: predictores del miedo al coronavirus (COVID-19) en jóvenes y adultos peruanos
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha impactado en la salud mental de miles de jóvenes y adultos, sobre todo en su fase inicial, ya que la enfermedad se percibió como una amenaza incierta y continua y trajo como consecuencia que el miedo al coronavirus se volviera disfuncional, lo que ha generado malestar psicológico. Frente a ello, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las variables psicosociales que predicen el miedo al coronavirus y sus dimensiones, en una muestra de 384 jóvenes y adultos peruanos (64.5 % mujeres) entre los 18-67 años (M = 26.36, DE = 9.17). Las variables predictoras evaluadas fueron la incertidumbre, el estrés, y el uso de medios de comunicación. Para su medición, se utilizaron el IUS-12, el PSS-10 y las Escalas de Uso de Medios de Comunicación y de Miedo al Coronavirus que pertenecen al Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus de Sandín et al. (2020). Los resultados de los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple evidenciaron un modelo de predicción del miedo al coronavirus global con tamaño de efecto grande (R2 = .28, p < .001) y de magnitud mediana en los modelos para predecir sus dimensiones. Así se evidenció la capacidad predictiva de la intolerancia hacia la incertidumbre, el estrés y el uso frecuente de medios de comunicación. Asimismo, el sexo, el nivel de estudios y el empleo resultaron variables significativas en los modelos, y, al parecer, las mujeres y aquellas personas con bajo nivel educativo o que no cuentan con un trabajo experimentan un mayor miedo al COVID-19.
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