Bienestar, espiritualidad y temor al COVID-19 en adultos mayores durante el primer año de pandemia
Resumen
La pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado estragos a nivel mundial. En este contexto, merece particular atención la salud mental del grupo más vulnerable, los adultos mayores. Por ello, esta investigación buscó estudiar las relaciones entre el miedo al COVID-19, la espiritualidad y el bienestar de una muestra de 169 adultos mayores limeños durante el primer año de la pandemia. Además, al hallarse relaciones significativas, se evaluó cuáles son fueron las variables que más impactaron en el bienestar de este grupo. Previamente, se analizaron las diferencias en estas variables según las características sociodemográficas y de salud reportadas. Para medir el bienestar se utilizaron las escalas de Florecimiento, SPANE-P y SPANE-N (Diener et al., 2010); para el temor al COVID-19, la FCV-19S (Ahorsu et al., 2022), y para la espiritualidad, el SBI-15R (Holland et al., 1998). Los resultados encuentran relaciones significativas entre el miedo al COVID-19 y todas las medidas de bienestar. También se encontró una relación directa y significativa entre la espiritualidad y la afectividad positiva. Con respecto a las variables más explicativas del bienestar de la muestra, los modelos de regresión revelaron que el reporte de una enfermedad crónica y el miedo al COVID-19 eran las variables que más explicaban el florecimiento (R2 ajustado=.4, p<001). Por su parte, el miedo al COVID-19 y la religiosidad eran las que impactaban negativamente en la afectividad positiva (R2 ajustado=.19, p<001). Por último, el miedo al COVID-19 y el diagnóstico de COVID-19 fueron las variables explicativas de la afectividad negativa (R2 ajustado=.33, p<.001).
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