Peru: from an exclusionary to a transforming constitutionalism, progress and pending challenges

  • Marcela Huaita Alegre Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú.
  • Andrea Choccechanca Gamboa Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú.
Keywords: constitutionalism, gender, women’s rights, the right to vote, equality, maternity, sexual and reproductive rights

Abstract

This article covers the evolution of key gender relations issues in Peruvian constitutions for almost a century, from 1931 to 2021. It analyses the path travelled from the exclusion of women as citizens to the achievement of parity in political participation; the transformation of the equality clause into one that has the possibility to incorporate discrimination based on sexual orientation as a prohibited category; as well as changes in the conception of maternity protection by the State, until one arrives at a provision that recognizes the right of people to decide individually about their reproductive choices. The article also reports on the participation of women in the struggle for these gains, their initiatives both in formal and informal spaces, as well as the demands of first and second wave feminist movements. All these points are organised through categories coined by Ruth Rubio Marín, to understand constitutionalism from a gender perspective: exclusionary, inclusive, participatory, and transformative constitutionalism.

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Author Biographies

Marcela Huaita Alegre, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú.

Abogada, Docente de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) e Investigadora asociada de su Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos. Magíster en Estudios Legales Internacionales por el Washington College of Law (AU), con estudios de Doctorado en Derecho (PUCP). Ha sido Ministra de Estado en el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables (2015-2016). En el 2016 fue Presidenta de la Comisión Interamericana de Mujeres (CIM/OEA), y actualmente es Vicepresidenta del Comité de Expertas del MESECVI/OEA (2020-2021).

Andrea Choccechanca Gamboa, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú.

Estudiante de la Facultad de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)

Published
2023-07-07
How to Cite
Huaita Alegre, M., & Choccechanca Gamboa, A. (2023). Peru: from an exclusionary to a transforming constitutionalism, progress and pending challenges . Athina, (015), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.26439/athina2023.n015.6485
Section
Bloque I: Derechos Constitucionales