El contacto con la naturaleza y su relación con la vitalidad y el afecto negativo en deportistas de surf: el rol mediador de las necesidades psicológicas básicas
Resumen
La literatura científica muestra consistentemente los beneficios para la salud física y mental que se obtienen de las actividades en entornos naturales, a diferencia de entornos urbanos. Tal es el caso del surf, un deporte que se realiza en contacto con la naturaleza. Para explicar por qué resulta beneficioso practicar surf, se utilizó la teoría de necesidades psicológicas planteada por la teoría de la autodeterminación (Ryan & Deci, 2017). Así se estudió la relación entre el contacto con la naturaleza, las necesidades psicológicas básicas (satisfacción y frustración), la vitalidad subjetiva y el afecto negativo en una muestra que estuvo conformada por 236 deportistas aficionados a diversas modalidades de surf (bodyboard, longboard, surfing, paddleboard, bodysurf). Para ello, primero se examinaron las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos aplicados y se encontraron adecuadas evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados del análisis de senderos mostraron que el aumento en el contacto con la naturaleza por parte de los deportistas de surf se relacionaba positivamente con un aumento en la vitalidad y con la disminución del afecto negativo, y que estas relaciones estaban mediadas por la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la teoría de la autodeterminación y su relación con el bienestar y la vitalidad.
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